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Acaena saccaticupula; photograph (c) Joe Dillon, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Joe Dillon, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-02-24

Acaena saccaticupula Bitter

Rosaceae · New Zealand South

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Acaena saccaticupula, photograph (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Acaena saccaticupula, photograph (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Acaena saccaticupula, photograph (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Acaena saccaticupula, photograph (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Acaena saccaticupula, photograph (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Acaena saccaticupula, photograph (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY) 74 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-9.5°C
Record low -15.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
14°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,701mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
8–40DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,209 mm of 1,702 mm) takes 8 months, September to January, March and May to June. Mean temperature moves 11.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: March to July, September and November to December.

Rain

1,702 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,209 mm of it September to January, March and May to June. Wettest month December at 183 mm, driest month February at 113 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 892 mm to 3,795 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,701 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,702 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 7, the highest 90th-percentile month 42).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -9.5 °C, the absolute minimum -15.6 °C, 9,921 frost nights in 44 years, 225.5 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 21.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -5.7 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range -7.8 °C to -2.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 13.8 °C in January and February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -9.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +466 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Acaena saccaticupula through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 14 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low -5.7 °C; 1,702 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost21.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-15.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 8–40RH 63–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 106 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C14 / 12–1714 / 12–1712 / 10–159 / 6–125 / 2–81 / -2–40 / -3–31 / -2–54 / 1–87 / 4–119 / 7–1312 / 10–15
Night °C5 / 3–95 / 3–94 / 1–71 / -1–4-2 / -4–2-5 / -7–-2-6 / -8–-3-4 / -7–-1-3 / -5–1-1 / -4–31 / -1–53 / 1–7
Rain mm145 / 83–362113 / 64–246137 / 82–329125 / 66–287145 / 77–325145 / 76–306123 / 65–261132 / 69–278142 / 72–328167 / 83–366145 / 74–299183 / 98–396
DLI40 / 37–4234 / 31–3626 / 23–2817 / 15–1910 / 9–128 / 7–1010 / 8–1215 / 13–1824 / 21–2632 / 29–3438 / 36–4040 / 37–42
RH %63 / 60–6563 / 60–6563 / 61–6664 / 61–6765 / 62–6965 / 61–7064 / 60–7066 / 62–7065 / 62–6865 / 61–6764 / 60–6665 / 60–67
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 106 grid cells holding the 175 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2700:6988 (-45.025, 169.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -15.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -9.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 21.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 106 distinct grid cells holding 175 of the 175 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2700:6988 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -45.00_169.375, lapse-corrected +466 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1252 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew Zealand South · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-44.908, 169.152 · in the densest population, 198 records (81% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub” · “subalpine or subarctic” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 244 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 175 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 139 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2 km away. 69 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 244 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Acaena saccaticupula, photograph 1did not loadAcaena saccaticupula, photograph 2did not loadAcaena saccaticupula, photograph 3did not loadAcaena saccaticupula, photograph 4did not loadAcaena saccaticupula, photograph 5did not loadAcaena saccaticupula, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Irisa Hudson, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Veronica buchananii Veronica buchananii Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, 謝麗霦Poa buchananii Poa buchananii Scree poa Photo: CC BY, Ian DickieAciphylla montana Aciphylla montana Apiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Jacob LittlejohnLeptinella atrata Leptinella atrata Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Liadan DickieMyosotis traversii Myosotis traversii Boraginaceae Photo: CC BY, Irisa HudsonHaastia pulvinaris Haastia pulvinaris Giant vegetable sheep Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Acaena 27 in the reference

Acaena anserinifolia Acaena anserinifolia Bronze pirri-pirri-bur Photo: CC BY, Stephen HartleyAcaena antarctica Acaena antarctica Antarctic prickly-burr Photo: CC BY, Cody HinchliffAcaena argentea Acaena argentea Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Bruno AvilezAcaena buchananii Acaena buchananii Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Jon SullivanAcaena caesiiglauca Acaena caesiiglauca Glaucous pirri-pirri-bur Photo: CC BY, Mel WhitingAcaena caespitosa Acaena caespitosa Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Felipe HortonAcaena cylindristachya Acaena cylindristachya Rosaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedAcaena elongata Acaena elongata Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Erick Vélez SánchezAcaena eupatoria Acaena eupatoria Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Diego BarbozaAcaena fissistipula Acaena fissistipula Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Pieter PelserAcaena glabra Acaena glabra Rosaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedAcaena inermis Acaena inermis Spineless Acaena Photo: CC BY, John Barkla all 28 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Acaena hirsutula var. glabricupula; Acaena saccaticupula var. nana. (GBIF Backbone)

Kew accepts as species of their own Acaena hirsutula: older names in GBIF's record of this species that Kew's World Checklist accepts as other species. (WCVP, RBG Kew, file of 2026-06-04)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Rosaceae
Described by
Bitter
Native to
New Zealand South
Wild records
244 in range · 139 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -45.00_169.375, lapse-corrected +466 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 9 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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