Species
+

Agonis flexuosa (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sweet

Western Australian myrtle, Western Australian peppermint, Western Australian willow myrtle, willow myrtle

Climate known 72 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Agonis flexuosa, commonly known as peppermint, is a species of flowering plant in the family Myrtaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. The Noongar peoples know the tree as wanil, wonnow, wonong or wannang. It is a tree or shrub with pendulous, very narrowly elliptic, narrowly elliptic or narrowly egg-shaped leaves, white flowers with 20 to 25 stamens opposite the sepals and broadly top-shaped to broadly cup-shaped capsules.

Text from Wikipedia, “Agonis flexuosa”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Agonis

Agonis is a genus of flowering plants in the plant family Myrtaceae. All are endemic to Western Australia, growing near the coast in the south west. Plants in the genus Agonis are shrubs or trees with bisexual flowers arranged in heads in leaf axils with 5 sepals and usually 5 white petals, each with 15 to 30 stamens arranged opposite the sepals, and the fruit a woody capsule.

Text from Wikipedia, “Agonis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Myrtaceae
Described by
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Sweet
Native to
Western Australia
Wild records
1123 in range· 674 open

At a glance

Warmest month
25°C
Feb, mean day; nights 17 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
903mm/yr
9 wet months · peak Jul 168 mm (CHELSA)
Light
14–50DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a winter growing season, November to March in the northern hemisphere (May to September at the habitat, southern). Habitat rain 903 mm a year, wettest July at 168 mm, driest January at 15 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 50 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 5.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Agonis flexuosa var. angustifolia (Otto & A.Dietr.) Schauer; Billiotia flexuosa Otto & A.Dietr.; Billotia flexuosa (Willd.) G.Don; Billotia flexuosa (Willd.) R.Br.; Billotia flexuosa var. angustifolia Otto & A.Dietr. and 7 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a winter growing season, November to March in the northern hemisphere (May to September at the habitat, southern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the year's rain (686 mm of 903 mm) falls in May to September, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 13.9 °C against a yearly mean of 16.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: November to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 903 mm a year, wettest July at 168 mm, driest January at 15 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

903 mm a year at the habitat, 686 mm of it May to September. Wettest month July at 168 mm, driest January at 15 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 731 mm to 1181 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 50 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 50 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 13, the highest 90th-percentile month 53).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 5.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 5.4 °C, the absolute minimum 3.3 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.5 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 10.1 °C in August (across the envelope cells 7.5 °C to 11.8 °C), warmest day 25.4 °C in February (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 5.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 59% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 15 °C in Aug to 25 °C in Feb; mean night from 10 °C in Aug to 17 °C in Feb. The cold quarter, Jul to Sep, is the three months around the coldest night. 903 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 327 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 3.3 °C and the 99th-percentile day 37.5 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°37.5° 99th-percentile day (undated)3.3° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 14–50RH 56–59 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 327 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C25 / 21–3025 / 22–3024 / 21–2821 / 20–2418 / 18–2116 / 15–1815 / 14–1715 / 14–1716 / 15–1818 / 16–2121 / 18–2423 / 20–27
Night °C16 / 15–1817 / 15–1916 / 14–1815 / 12–1613 / 10–1511 / 9–1310 / 8–1210 / 8–1211 / 8–1212 / 9–1314 / 12–1515 / 13–17
Rain mm15 / 11–2616 / 12–2427 / 20–4948 / 37–73123 / 91–151164 / 108–206168 / 113–208134 / 102–17197 / 73–13156 / 36–7938 / 26–5817 / 8–35
DLI50 / 44–5344 / 39–4735 / 31–3924 / 22–2817 / 16–2014 / 13–1615 / 14–1720 / 18–2227 / 25–3036 / 33–4144 / 40–4949 / 44–53
RH %56 / 51–5956 / 51–5957 / 52–5958 / 54–6058 / 55–6059 / 57–6259 / 56–6258 / 56–6159 / 57–6158 / 56–6058 / 54–6057 / 52–59

Each figure is the median across the 327 grid cells holding the 1086 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2471:5910 (-33.575, 115.525). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.3 °C, 1st-percentile night 5.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 327 distinct grid cells holding the 1086 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2471:5910 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -33.50_115.625, lapse-corrected -42 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 16 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeWestern Australia
Kew's description“shrub” · “subtropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-34.423, 115.865 · in the densest population, 742 records (66% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1123 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 674 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 10 km away. 194 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 37 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1123 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Agonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosaAgonis flexuosa

Photographs: (c) naturewatchwidow, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); no rights reserved · CC0 (6).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Agonis flexuosa, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Root Structure and Functioning for Efficient Acquisition of Phosphorus: Matching Morphological and Physiological Traits
Hans Lambers, Michael W. Shane, Michael D. Cramer, Stuart J. Pearse (2006) · Annals of Botany
Genetic considerations in ecosystem restoration using native tree species
Evert Thomas, Riina Jalonen, Judy Loo, David Boshier (2014) · Forest Ecology and Management
Botryosphaeria dothidea : a latent pathogen of global importance to woody plant health
Angelica Marsberg, Martin Kemler, Fahimeh Jami, Jan H. Nagel (2016) · Molecular Plant Pathology
The Western Australian Naturalist
Western Australian Naturalists' Club (1947) · Biodiversity Heritage Library (Smithsonian Institution)
Canker and decline diseases caused by soil- and airborne Phytophthora species in forests and woodlands
Thomas Jung, A. Pérez‐Sierra, Álvaro Durán, Marília Horta Jung (2018) · Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
Phytophthora multivora sp. nov., a new species recovered from declining Eucalyptus , Banksia , Agonis and other plant species in Western Australia
Peter Scott, Treena I. Burgess, P.A. Barber, B. L. Shearer (2009) · Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi
Uredo rangelii, a taxon in the guava rust complex, newly recorded on Myrtaceae in Australia
Angus J. Carnegie, Jonathan R. Lidbetter, J. Walker, M. A. Horwood (2010) · Australasian Plant Pathology
The challenge of understanding the origin, pathways and extent of fungal invasions: global populations of the Neofusicoccum parvum–N. ribis species complex
Monique L. Sakalidis, Bernard Slippers, Brenda D. Wingfield, G.E.St.J. Hardy (2013) · Diversity and Distributions
Rapidly expanding host range for Puccinia psidii sensu lato in Australia
Angus J. Carnegie, Jonathan R. Lidbetter (2011) · Australasian Plant Pathology

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 49 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.