Species
+

Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.

Ijibo, Manas, Mnananasi bole, Mnananasi mba, Ongolngebard

Climate known 68 photographs Other epiphyte
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

The pineapple is a tropical plant with an edible fruit; it is the most economically significant plant in the family Bromeliaceae.

Text from Wikipedia, “Pineapple”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Ananas

Ananas is a plant genus in the family Bromeliaceae. It is native to South America. The genus contains Ananas comosus, the pineapple.

Text from Wikipedia, “Ananas”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Bromeliaceae
Described by
(L.) Merr.
Native to
Costa Rica, Panama, French Guiana +14
Wild records
1029 in range· 668 open

At a glance

Warmest month
29°C
Oct, mean day; nights 22 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1724mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jan 229 mm (CHELSA)
Light
26–36DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Grouped as a other epiphyte by Bromeliaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, October to April at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.4 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred. Habitat rain 1724 mm a year, wettest January at 229 mm, driest August at 59 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 36 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 14.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Ananas acostae C.Commelijn; Ananas bracteatus Baker; Ananas bracteatus subsp. hondurensis Bertoni; Ananas bracteatus subsp. paraguayensis Bertoni; Ananas bracteatus var. paraguayensis Bertoni and 24 more.

Cultivation

Grouped as a other epiphyte by Bromeliaceae, which is usually but not always one kind of plant (archetype table). The table supplies one figure for this group, a conventional minimum for the cold floor, and no prose.

Its year Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, October to April at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.4 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the year's rain (1294 mm of 1724 mm) falls in October to April. The temperature curve is flat, 2.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; with a flat temperature curve there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1724 mm a year, wettest January at 229 mm, driest August at 59 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1724 mm a year at the habitat, 1294 mm of it October to April. Wettest month January at 229 mm, driest August at 59 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1276 mm to 3376 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 36 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 19, the highest 90th-percentile month 40).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 14.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 14.7 °C, the absolute minimum 6.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.3 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 18.9 °C in July (across the envelope cells 12.0 °C to 22.9 °C), warmest day 29.2 °C in October (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 14.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER); the archetype table's minimum for a other epiphyte, 10 °C, is lower and does not raise it.

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence, and the archetype table's group minimum where that is higher. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 27 °C in Jun to 29 °C in Oct; mean night from 19 °C in Jul to 22 °C in Jan. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest night. 1724 mm of rain a year, most in Jan. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 878 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 6.8 °C and the 99th-percentile day 40.3 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°40.3° 99th-percentile day (undated)6.8° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 26–36RH 61–65 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 878 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 26–3129 / 26–3129 / 26–3128 / 25–3027 / 22–3027 / 21–3027 / 21–3028 / 23–3229 / 24–3329 / 24–3229 / 25–3129 / 25–31
Night °C22 / 18–2422 / 18–2422 / 18–2422 / 17–2421 / 14–2419 / 13–2319 / 12–2320 / 13–2321 / 15–2422 / 16–2422 / 17–2422 / 18–24
Rain mm229 / 68–357187 / 65–324186 / 94–336166 / 76–366129 / 38–43087 / 12–40469 / 7–36359 / 13–32586 / 37–293140 / 63–326180 / 91–301206 / 98–331
DLI34 / 28–4035 / 28–3933 / 28–3730 / 25–3427 / 21–3126 / 19–3127 / 21–3331 / 25–3734 / 28–3936 / 29–3935 / 28–4033 / 28–40
RH %65 / 60–7165 / 60–7065 / 61–7165 / 60–7165 / 58–7264 / 55–7363 / 52–7262 / 50–7161 / 53–7163 / 57–7165 / 59–7165 / 61–71

Each figure is the median across the 878 grid cells holding the 1004 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2070:2533 (-13.525, -53.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 14.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 878 distinct grid cells holding the 1004 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2070:2533 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -13.50_-53.125, lapse-corrected +19 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 394 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCosta Rica, Panama, French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South, Argentina Northeast, Paraguay· introduced: Gambia, The, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Senegal, Central African Republic, Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gulf of Guinea Is., Zaïre, Angola, Mozambique, Comoros, China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Andaman Is., Malaya, Bismarck Archipelago, Queensland, Fiji, Samoa, Vanuatu, Cook Is., Easter Is., Society Is., Tuamotu, Tubuai Is., Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Bahamas, Bermuda, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Venezuelan Antilles, Windward Is., Galápagos
Kew's description“perennial” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker-22.565, -47.402 · in the densest population, 192 records (19% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1029 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 668 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 240 km away. 578 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 25 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1029 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Ananas comosusAnanas comosusAnanas comosusAnanas comosusAnanas comosusAnanas comosusAnanas comosusAnanas comosus

Photographs: (c) vitordematos12, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4); no rights reserved · CC0 (2); (c) Júlio Castellain, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Daniel Dias, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Ananas comosus, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
A Antonyan, Svetlana Sharoyan, H. Harutyunyan, Luciano Barboni (2025) · International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research
Chloroplast genomes: diversity, evolution, and applications in genetic engineering
Henry Daniell, Choun‐Sea Lin, Ming Yu, Wan‐Jung Chang (2016) · Genome biology
Polyethylene and biodegradable mulches for agricultural applications: a review
K. Subrahmaniyan, Mathieu Ngouajio (2012) · Agronomy for Sustainable Development
Green Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles via Biological Entities
Monaliben Shah, Derek Fawcett, Shashi B. Sharma, Suraj K. Tripathy (2015) · Materials
Natural Fibers as Sustainable and Renewable Resource for Development of Eco-Friendly Composites: A Comprehensive Review
Yashas Gowda Thyavihalli Girijappa, Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, Suchart Siengchin (2019) · Frontiers in Materials
Ethylene Role in Plant Growth, Development and Senescence: Interaction with Other Phytohormones
Noushina Iqbal, Nafees A. Khan, A. Ferrante, Alice Trivellini (2017) · Frontiers in Plant Science
Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications
Ramesh Chander Kuhad, Rishi Gupta, Ajay Veer Singh (2011) · Enzyme Research
A review on green synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their applications
Muhammad Rafique, Muhammad Rafique, Iqra Sadaf, M. Shahid Rafique (2016) · Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology
Plant Defense against Insect Herbivores
Joel Fürstenberg-Hägg, Mika Zagrobelny, Søren Bak (2013) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Diversity and significance of Burkholderia species occupying diverse ecological niches
Tom Coenye, Peter Vandamme (2003) · Environmental Microbiology

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 184 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.