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Antidesma ghaesembilla; photograph (c) Vikas D Prasad, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) CC BY-SA(c) Vikas D Prasad, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) · observed growing wild · 2024-12-26

Antidesma ghaesembilla Gaertn.

Black currant-tree

Phyllanthaceae · China South-Central, Hainan +28

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Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph (c) Vikas D Prasad, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph (c) Vikas D Prasad, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY) 58 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
11.9°C
Record low 6.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
35°C
Oct and Nov at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,394mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
33–45DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to September (December to March at the habitat), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Antidesma ghaesembilla is a species of plant in the Phyllanthaceae family. It is native to an area from northern Australia to the Philippines, China, and west to India.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Antidesma ghaesembilla", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Antidesma

Antidesma is a genus of tropical plant in the family Phyllanthaceae formally described by Linnaeus in 1753. It is native to tropical Africa, S + E + SE Asia, Australia, and various oceanic islands. The greatest diversity occurs in Southeast Asia.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Antidesma", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,061 mm of 1,309 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 28.0 °C against a yearly mean of 26.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Rain

1,309 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,061 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 315 mm, driest months (2 at 2 mm); 3 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 901 mm to 1,924 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,394 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,309 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 33 to 45 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 27, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 11.9 °C, the absolute minimum 6.5 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 41.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 18.4 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 14.7 °C to 22.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 35.4 °C in October (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 11.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 50 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -23 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Antidesma ghaesembilla through the yearWarmest months October and November, mean daily high 35 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 18.4 °C; 1,309 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°41.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER6.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 33–45RH 50–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 821 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C32 / 29–3431 / 29–3332 / 29–3332 / 28–3431 / 27–3329 / 26–3129 / 25–3131 / 26–3334 / 27–3535 / 28–3735 / 29–3733 / 29–36
Night °C25 / 23–2625 / 23–2624 / 23–2623 / 21–2622 / 19–2519 / 16–2318 / 15–2319 / 16–2322 / 19–2424 / 21–2625 / 23–2725 / 24–27
Rain mm315 / 209–419286 / 203–394238 / 128–31483 / 30–17614 / 6–983 / 1–682 / 1–532 / 0–418 / 3–4135 / 17–75101 / 52–159222 / 136–299
DLI35 / 33–3934 / 32–3736 / 34–3837 / 32–3835 / 30–3633 / 27–3434 / 28–3538 / 32–3942 / 36–4345 / 40–4643 / 40–4639 / 36–43
RH %64 / 60–6765 / 61–6762 / 58–6657 / 52–6452 / 48–6450 / 46–6450 / 45–6451 / 45–6354 / 46–6455 / 48–6358 / 52–6362 / 57–65
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 821 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1137 records in those cells; 5 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2067:6223 (-13.375, 131.175). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 6.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 11.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 41.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 821 distinct grid cells holding 1137 of the 1142 in-range records (5 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2067:6223 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -13.50_131.250, lapse-corrected -23 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 80 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Queensland, Western Australia, Vanuatu · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-13.164, 131.236 · in the densest population, 482 records (31% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1557 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1137 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1142 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1477 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 8 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 415 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1557 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Antidesma ghaesembilla, photograph 1did not loadAntidesma ghaesembilla, photograph 2did not loadAntidesma ghaesembilla, photograph 3did not loadAntidesma ghaesembilla, photograph 4did not loadAntidesma ghaesembilla, photograph 5did not loadAntidesma ghaesembilla, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Vikas D Prasad, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (2); (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Vitex glabrata Vitex glabrata Smooth chastetree Photo: CC BY-SA, Ruth PalssonNymphaea violacea Nymphaea violacea Blue Waterlily Photo: CC BY, Martin RadyXyris indica Xyris indica Xyridaceae Photo: CC BY, 曾昱承 Yu-Cheng ZengBridelia tomentosa Bridelia tomentosa Pikpoktai Photo: CC BY, Yu-Huang WangPandanus spiralis Pandanus spiralis Screw-pine Photo: CC BY, Stella FishEucalyptus alba Eucalyptus alba Timor white gum Photo: CC BY, Roland Muench

Other Antidesma 8 in the reference

Antidesma acidum Antidesma acidum Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, VinayarajAntidesma bunius Antidesma bunius Bignay Photo: CC BY, Forest Botial-Jarvis Antidesma erostre Currant-tree Antidesma fordii Antidesma fordii Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedAntidesma japonicum Antidesma japonicum Dense-flowered China Laurel Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好Antidesma madagascariense Antidesma madagascariense Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC BY, Stuart CableAntidesma montanum Antidesma montanum Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC BY, Sindhu HaridasAntidesma venosum Antidesma venosum Tassel-berry Photo: CC BY, Mark Clarke

Names & registers

Also known as Antidesma frutescens; Antidesma ghaesembilla var. genuinum; Antidesma ghaesembilla var. paniculatum; Antidesma ghaesembilla var. vestitum; Antidesma paniculatum and 7 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Phyllanthaceae
Described by
Gaertn.
Native to
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast +27
Wild records
1557 in range · 1477 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 10 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (4 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 4 at a herbarium, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -13.50_131.250, lapse-corrected -23 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 52 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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