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Arrojadoa rhodantha; photograph Whaldener Endo, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIF CC0Whaldener Endo, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIF

Arrojadoa rhodantha (Gürke) Britton & Rose

Cactaceae · Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast +1 · listed by its family as a cactus or succulent

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Arrojadoa rhodantha, photograph B. Phalan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph B. Phalan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph B. Phalan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph Josi Guimarães, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph Fabricio Carvalho da Silva, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph Fabricio Carvalho da Silva, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF 16 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
14.2°C
Record low 10.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
32°C
Oct at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
720mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
29–42DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, November to March (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Arrojadoa rhodantha is a species of succulent flowering plant in the genus Arrojadoa, within the family Cactaceae. It is endemic to Brazil.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Arrojadoa rhodantha", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a cactus or succulent, listed under the family Cactaceae in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “succulent tree”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (564 mm of 705 mm) falls in November to March. The temperature curve is flat, 3.7 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The temperature curve moves under 4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

705 mm in the median year at the habitat, 564 mm of it November to March. Wettest month March at 144 mm, driest month August at 2 mm; 2 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 537 mm to 932 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 720 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 705 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 14.2 °C, the absolute minimum 10.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.0 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 17.6 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 14.5 °C to 19.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 31.9 °C in October (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 14.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 52 to 59% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -12 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the family Cactaceae in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “succulent tree”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Arrojadoa rhodantha through the yearWarmest month October, mean daily high 32 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 17.6 °C; 705 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°35°40°39.0° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER10.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 29–42RH 52–59%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 58 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C30 / 27–3230 / 27–3229 / 27–3129 / 26–3129 / 25–3128 / 24–3027 / 24–2928 / 25–3130 / 27–3232 / 28–3431 / 27–3430 / 27–34
Night °C21 / 18–2321 / 18–2321 / 18–2321 / 18–2220 / 17–2218 / 15–2118 / 15–2018 / 15–2019 / 16–2120 / 17–2321 / 18–2321 / 18–23
Rain mm119 / 84–15598 / 65–127144 / 103–17673 / 44–11115 / 7–446 / 3–383 / 1–312 / 1–188 / 3–1634 / 12–6592 / 22–149111 / 61–196
DLI40 / 38–4140 / 38–4137 / 36–3834 / 32–3531 / 27–3329 / 24–3130 / 25–3336 / 29–3841 / 35–4242 / 40–4540 / 38–4439 / 37–41
RH %58 / 54–6157 / 55–6159 / 57–6259 / 55–6358 / 53–6358 / 52–6457 / 51–6355 / 49–6153 / 48–5852 / 49–5755 / 50–5957 / 51–60
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 58 grid cells holding the 94 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2085:2736 (-14.275, -43.175). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 10.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 14.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 58 distinct grid cells holding 94 of the 94 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2085:2736 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -14.50_-43.125, lapse-corrected -12 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 565 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBrazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-11.817, -42.6 · in the densest population, 235 records (78% of those in range)
Kew's description“succulent tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 303 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 94 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 207 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 96 km away. 209 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 303 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Arrojadoa rhodantha, photograph 1did not loadArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph 2did not loadArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph 3did not loadArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph 4did not loadArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph 5did not loadArrojadoa rhodantha, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: B. Phalan, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (3); Josi Guimarães, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; Fabricio Carvalho da Silva, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Pseudobombax simplicifolium Malvaceae Quiabentia zehntneri Quiabentia zehntneri Cactaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, vitordematos12Cavanillesia umbellata Cavanillesia umbellata Malvaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Alexandre S. MichelottoMelocactus levitestatus Melocactus levitestatus Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Renato MoraesSchinopsis brasiliensis Schinopsis brasiliensis Anacardiaceae Photo: CC BY, Thomaz Ricardo Favreto SinaniUncarina leandrii Uncarina leandrii Pedaliaceae Photo: CC BY, Gary Yong Gee

Other Arrojadoa 1 in the reference

Arrojadoa penicillata Arrojadoa penicillata Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Gabriel Fernandes

Names & registers

Also known as Arrojadoa aureispina; Arrojadoa aureispina var. anguinea; Arrojadoa aureispina var. guanambensis; Arrojadoa canudosensis; Arrojadoa horstiana and 10 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Registers not checked Wikidata did not answer when this page was built, so the links it gives (POWO, IPNI, World Flora Online, Wikipedia) were not checked; any shown here are kept from an earlier build. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
GBIFWikipedia

The record

Family
Cactaceae
Described by
(Gürke) Britton & Rose
Native to
Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast
Wild records
303 in range · 207 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -14.50_-43.125, lapse-corrected -12 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata failedasked 2026-10-21query.wikidata.org timeout (batched: Wikidata's query service, 200 GBIF keys)
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 41 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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