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Asplenium kaulfussii; photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2025-01-24

Asplenium kaulfussii Schltdl.

Kaulfuss' spleenwort

Aspleniaceae · Hawaii

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Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY)Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY)Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY)Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY)Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY)Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY) 11 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
18.5°C
Record low 16.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
26°C
Aug and Sep at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,130mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
26–46DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, October to April (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Asplenium

Asplenium is a genus of about 700 species of ferns, often treated as the only genus in the family Aspleniaceae, though other authors consider Hymenasplenium separate, based on molecular phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences, a different chromosome count, and structural differences in the rhizomes. The type species for the genus is Asplenium marinum.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Asplenium", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (836 mm of 1,101 mm) falls in October to April. The temperature curve is flat, 3.5 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The temperature curve moves under 4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

1,101 mm in the median year at the habitat, 836 mm of it October to April. Wettest month December at 161 mm, driest month June at 44 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 806 mm to 2,420 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,130 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,101 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 24, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 18.5 °C, the absolute minimum 16.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 27.7 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 19.6 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 16.2 °C to 21.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 25.7 °C in August and September (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 18.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +219 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Asplenium kaulfussii through the yearWarmest months August and September, mean daily high 26 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 19.6 °C; 1,101 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.15°20°25°30°27.7° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER16.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250300mm rainDLI 26–46RH 63–64%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 17 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C22 / 19–2422 / 18–2422 / 18–2422 / 19–2524 / 20–2625 / 21–2725 / 22–2726 / 22–2826 / 22–2825 / 21–2724 / 21–2623 / 19–25
Night °C20 / 17–2220 / 16–2120 / 16–2120 / 17–2221 / 17–2222 / 19–2322 / 19–2423 / 20–2423 / 19–2423 / 19–2422 / 19–2321 / 17–22
Rain mm138 / 109–251101 / 78–208136 / 102–27074 / 54–20357 / 39–16344 / 23–12158 / 31–16854 / 33–17352 / 33–15292 / 69–211134 / 105–270161 / 131–285
DLI28 / 26–3033 / 31–3538 / 36–3943 / 40–4445 / 43–4646 / 44–4746 / 43–4645 / 42–4541 / 39–4235 / 33–3729 / 27–3126 / 24–28
RH %63 / 60–6763 / 60–6763 / 60–6764 / 60–6863 / 60–6864 / 61–6864 / 61–6964 / 61–6964 / 61–6963 / 61–6964 / 61–6864 / 60–67
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 17 grid cells holding the 21 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1378:463 (21.075, -156.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 16.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 18.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 27.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 17 distinct grid cells holding 21 of the 21 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1378:463 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 21.00_-156.875, lapse-corrected +219 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 296 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeHawaii · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker21.3, -157.867 · in the densest population, 50 records (77% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 65 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 21 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 36 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 8 km away. 9 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 44 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 65 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Asplenium kaulfussii, photograph 1did not loadAsplenium kaulfussii, photograph 2did not loadAsplenium kaulfussii, photograph 3did not loadAsplenium kaulfussii, photograph 4did not loadAsplenium kaulfussii, photograph 5did not loadAsplenium kaulfussii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Euphorbia celastroides Euphorbia celastroides 'Ekoko Photo: CC0, author not statedEragrostis variabilis Eragrostis variabilis Poaceae Photo: CC BY, Kevin FaccendaChenopodium oahuense Chenopodium oahuense Hawaiian Goosefoot Photo: CC BY, Neal KelsoMyoporum sandwicense Myoporum sandwicense Bastard-sandalwood Photo: CC BY, Neal KelsoRauvolfia sandwicensis Rauvolfia sandwicensis Devil's-pepper Photo: CC BY, Brynn FrickeDiospyros sandwicensis Diospyros sandwicensis Lama Photo: CC BY, Brynn Fricke

Other Asplenium 84 in the reference

Asplenium actiniopteroides Aspleniaceae Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Asplenium adiantum-nigrum Black spleenwort Photo: CC BY, Nick ButcherAsplenium adulterinum Asplenium adulterinum Corrupt spleenwort Photo: CC BY, Daniel BuczkiewiczAsplenium aethiopicum Asplenium aethiopicum Egyptian spleenwort Photo: CC BY, Em Lamond Asplenium africanum Aspleniaceae Asplenium antiquum Asplenium antiquum Bird’s-nest fern Photo: CC BY, Cheng-Te HsuAsplenium appendiculatum Asplenium appendiculatum Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY, avocatAsplenium aureum Asplenium aureum Golden Rustyback Fern Photo: CC BY, Mikel Etxeberria OkarizAsplenium australasicum Asplenium australasicum Bird's-nest fern Photo: CC0, author not statedAsplenium bulbiferum Asplenium bulbiferum Hen-and-chickens Photo: CC BY, 大澤風季 ohsawa_FukiAsplenium ceterach Asplenium ceterach Rustyback Photo: CC0, author not statedAsplenium cristatum Asplenium cristatum Parsley spleenwort Photo: CC BY, Liliana Ramírez-Freire all 85 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Asplenium enatum; Asplenium enatum var. appendiculatum; Asplenium enatum var. caudatum; Asplenium enatum var. gemmiparum; Asplenium gemmiferum subsp. flexuosum and 8 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Aspleniaceae
Described by
Schltdl.
Native to
Hawaii
Wild records
65 in range · 36 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (2 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 21.00_-156.875, lapse-corrected +219 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21IPNI and POWO linked by Kew's number for Asplenium kaulfussii Schltdl. (the item's: IPNI 20007372-1, POWO none)
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 24 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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