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Banksia ilicifolia; photograph (c) Ann Bentley, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Ann Bentley, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-07-20

Banksia ilicifolia R.Br.

Holly-Leaved Banksia

Proteaceae · Western Australia

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Banksia ilicifolia, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedBanksia ilicifolia, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedBanksia ilicifolia, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedBanksia ilicifolia, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedBanksia ilicifolia, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedBanksia ilicifolia, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 77 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
7.4°C
Record low 4.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
27°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
818mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
14–51DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes November to March (May to September at the habitat), read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Banksia ilicifolia, commonly known as holly-leaved banksia, is a tree in the family Proteaceae. Endemic to southwest Western Australia, it belongs to Banksia subg. Isostylis, a subgenus of three closely related Banksia species with inflorescences that are dome-shaped heads rather than characteristic Banksia flower spikes. It is generally a tree up to 10 metres (33 ft) tall with a columnar or irregular habit. Both the scientific and common names arise from the similarity of its foliage to that of the English holly Ilex aquifolium; the glossy green leaves generally have very prickly serrated margins, although some plants lack toothed leaves. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Banksia ilicifolia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Banksia

Banksia is a genus of around 170 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae. These Australian wildflowers and popular garden plants are easily recognised by their characteristic flower spikes, and woody fruiting "cones" and heads. Banksias range in size from prostrate woody shrubs to trees up to 30 metres (100 ft) tall. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Banksia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (624 mm of 822 mm) falls in May to September, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 13.8 °C against a yearly mean of 16.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: November to March.

Rain

822 mm in the median year at the habitat, 624 mm of it May to September. Wettest month July at 154 mm, driest month December at 14 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 635 mm to 1,116 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 818 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 822 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 51 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 13, the highest 90th-percentile month 53).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 7.4 °C, the absolute minimum 4.4 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 9.2 °C in August (across the grid cells of the range 7.3 °C to 10.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 27.2 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 7.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 59% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +13 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Banksia ilicifolia through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 27 °C; coldest month August, mean nightly low 9.2 °C; 822 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°37.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER4.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 14–51RH 53–59%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 389 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 22–3227 / 22–3225 / 22–3022 / 20–2619 / 18–2117 / 15–1816 / 14–1716 / 15–1716 / 16–1919 / 17–2222 / 19–2725 / 20–29
Night °C16 / 14–1817 / 15–1916 / 14–1714 / 12–1512 / 10–1410 / 9–129 / 7–119 / 7–1110 / 8–1112 / 9–1214 / 12–1515 / 13–17
Rain mm15 / 11–2415 / 13–2324 / 18–4546 / 29–67107 / 84–145149 / 105–196154 / 110–199125 / 94–16589 / 61–12448 / 32–7636 / 21–5714 / 9–33
DLI51 / 44–5346 / 39–4736 / 31–3925 / 22–2917 / 16–2114 / 13–1715 / 14–1820 / 18–2327 / 25–3136 / 32–4245 / 40–4950 / 44–53
RH %53 / 50–5953 / 49–5954 / 51–5957 / 54–6058 / 56–6059 / 57–6159 / 57–6158 / 57–6158 / 57–6157 / 55–6056 / 52–5954 / 51–58
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 389 grid cells holding the 1070 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2427:5914 (-31.375, 115.725). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 4.4 °C, 1st-percentile night 7.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 389 distinct grid cells holding 1070 of the 1070 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2427:5914 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -31.50_115.625, lapse-corrected +13 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 51 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeWestern Australia · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-32.154, 115.843 · in the densest population, 761 records (63% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1210 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1070 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 935 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 232 km away. 140 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1210 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Banksia ilicifolia, photograph 1did not loadBanksia ilicifolia, photograph 2did not loadBanksia ilicifolia, photograph 3did not loadBanksia ilicifolia, photograph 4did not loadBanksia ilicifolia, photograph 5did not loadBanksia ilicifolia, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Dampiera trigona Dampiera trigona Goodeniaceae Photo: CC BY, Ian McMasterKunzea ericifolia Kunzea ericifolia Myrtaceae Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyMelaleuca incana Melaleuca incana Gray honeymyrtle Photo: CC BY, KhandsDrosera indumenta Drosera indumenta Droseraceae Photo: CC BY, Hugo InnesAstartea fascicularis Astartea fascicularis Recherche Astartea Photo: CC BY, T. HammerHardenbergia comptoniana Hardenbergia comptoniana Native wisteria Photo: CC BY, Millie Brady

Other Banksia 74 in the reference

Banksia aculeata Banksia aculeata Prickly banksia Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyBanksia aemula Banksia aemula Wallum Banksia Photo: CC BY-SA, James K. DouchBanksia ashbyi Banksia ashbyi Ashby's banksia Photo: CC0, author not statedBanksia attenuata Banksia attenuata Coast banksia Photo: CC BY, Chantel McWilliamBanksia baueri Banksia baueri Woolly Banksia Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyBanksia baxteri Banksia baxteri Baxter's banksia Photo: CC BY, Em LamondBanksia benthamiana Banksia benthamiana Proteaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, CasliberBanksia blechnifolia Banksia blechnifolia Proteaceae Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyBanksia brownii Banksia brownii Brown’s Banksia Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyBanksia burdettii Banksia burdettii Burdett's banksia Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyBanksia caleyi Banksia caleyi Cayley's Banksia Photo: CC BY, Tyler AnthonyBanksia candolleana Banksia candolleana Propeller banksia Photo: CC BY, Tyler Anthony all 75 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Banksia aquifolia; Banksia ilicifolia var. integrifolia; Sirmuellera ilicifolia. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Proteaceae
Described by
R.Br.
Native to
Western Australia
Wild records
1210 in range · 935 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 33 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (15 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 7 at a herbarium, 11 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -31.50_115.625, lapse-corrected +13 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 28 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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