64 photographs › At a glance
- Jan
- Feb, under 5 mm of rain
- Mar
- Apr
- May
- Jun, shaded
- Jul, shaded
- Aug, shaded
- Sep, shaded
- Oct
- Nov
- Dec
Summary
Basilicum is a genus of plants in the family Lamiaceae, first described in 1802. It contains only one known species, Basilicum polystachyon, native to Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia (Saudi Arabia, India, China, Indochina, Borneo, Philippines, etc.), New Guinea, Australia, and various islands of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.
Quoted from Wikipedia, "Basilicum", CC BY-SA 4.0.
Cultivation
Seasons
The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (494 mm of 668 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 28.2 °C against a yearly mean of 25.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to September.
Rain
668 mm in the median year at the habitat, 494 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 157 mm, driest month August at 4 mm; 1 month under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 398 mm to 1,572 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 790 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 668 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.
Light
Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 45 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 48).
Warmth and air
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.9 °C, the absolute minimum 7.2 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 43.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.6 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 9.4 °C to 21.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 34.4 °C in November (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).
Relative humidity at the habitat: 50 to 60% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
How this section is made
Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.
Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -43 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.
Climate across the habitat
Habitat months, southern hemisphere
Mean daily high from 26 °C in Jul to 34 °C in Oct, Nov and Dec; mean nightly low from 15 °C in Jul to 25 °C in Jan and Dec. The cold quarter, Jun to Aug, is the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low. 668 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added), the wettest month Jan. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 617 habitat cells. Over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER) the absolute minimum was 7.2 °C and the 99th-percentile day 43.3 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.
Figures by month
| Figure | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 33 / 30–37 | 32 / 30–36 | 32 / 29–35 | 32 / 27–35 | 29 / 24–33 | 27 / 21–31 | 26 / 21–31 | 28 / 23–33 | 31 / 26–36 | 34 / 29–37 | 34 / 30–38 | 34 / 30–37 |
| Night °C | 25 / 21–26 | 24 / 21–26 | 23 / 20–25 | 21 / 18–24 | 19 / 14–23 | 16 / 10–22 | 15 / 9–21 | 16 / 11–22 | 19 / 14–23 | 22 / 17–25 | 24 / 19–26 | 25 / 21–26 |
| Rain mm | 157 / 43–352 | 152 / 35–344 | 78 / 31–272 | 39 / 15–111 | 16 / 7–63 | 10 / 1–58 | 7 / 2–68 | 4 / 1–41 | 8 / 2–53 | 26 / 12–65 | 64 / 22–138 | 107 / 29–251 |
| DLI | 40 / 34–46 | 37 / 33–43 | 38 / 34–41 | 36 / 31–38 | 32 / 25–35 | 29 / 23–34 | 30 / 25–35 | 35 / 29–39 | 41 / 35–43 | 45 / 37–47 | 44 / 36–48 | 43 / 36–48 |
| RH % | 58 / 47–65 | 60 / 48–66 | 57 / 46–63 | 54 / 44–61 | 52 / 45–60 | 51 / 45–60 | 50 / 44–62 | 50 / 41–63 | 50 / 40–62 | 51 / 40–61 | 53 / 43–60 | 56 / 45–62 |
How this section is made
Natural habitat
How this section is made
Photographs
Photographs: (c) 曾昱承 Yu-Cheng Zeng, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).
Related
Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.
Sesbania cannabina Sesbania pea Photo: CC BY, 祐
Crotalaria verrucosa Blue rattlesnake Photo: CC BY, Lucas Christofides
Rhynchosia minima Least snout bean Photo: CC BY, Kelsey Low
Aeschynomene indica Indian jointvetch Photo: CC BY, Ravuri Krishna Chaitanya
Chamaecrista absus Tropical sensitive pea Photo: CC BY, Robert Taylor
Aphyllodium biarticulatum Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Russell CummingNames & registers
Also known as Basilicum polystachyon var. stereocladum; Lehmannia ocymoidea; Lumnitzera moschata; Lumnitzera polystachyon; Moschosma dimidiatum and 11 more. (GBIF Backbone)
The record
Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →
Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 14 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (14 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)climate answeredasked 2026-10-21climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 14.00_6.250, lapse-corrected -43 m at 6.5 °C/kmwikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21IPNI and POWO linked by Kew's number for Basilicum polystachyon (L.) Moench (the item's: IPNI 445025-1, POWO 155574-3)wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21Wikipedia redirects Basilicum polystachyon to Basilicum, this species' genus (Q3206267), which holds one accepted species in Kew's WCVPinat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22inat.photos.cultivated not askedgbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshotEvery source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 76 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.