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Blechnum loxense (Kunth) Hook. ex Salomon

Aspleniaceae · Costa Rica, Panama +5

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Photographs not checked iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
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Sow seed
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
1.6°C
Record low -1.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
15°C
Sep at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,142mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
25–32DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,636 mm of 2,177 mm) takes 8 months, March to June and September to December. Mean temperature moves 1.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,177 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,636 mm of it March to June and September to December. Wettest month April at 248 mm, driest month January at 118 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,409 mm to 3,577 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,142 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,177 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 32 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 22, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 1.6 °C, the absolute minimum -1.7 °C, 20 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 16.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 5.7 °C in July and August (across the grid cells of the range 3.0 °C to 10.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 14.6 °C in September (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 1.6 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 65 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +765 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Blechnum loxense through the yearWarmest month September, mean daily high 15 °C; coldest months July and August, mean nightly low 5.7 °C; 2,177 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-5°0°5°10°15°20°frost16.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-1.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 25–32RH 65–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 150 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C14 / 11–1914 / 12–1914 / 12–1914 / 12–1814 / 12–1813 / 11–1713 / 10–1814 / 11–1815 / 12–1914 / 12–1814 / 11–1814 / 11–18
Night °C6 / 4–106 / 4–107 / 4–107 / 5–117 / 5–116 / 4–106 / 3–106 / 3–106 / 3–106 / 4–106 / 4–106 / 4–10
Rain mm118 / 44–222142 / 68–252194 / 107–300248 / 163–375242 / 132–418167 / 85–324150 / 67–338131 / 55–281160 / 74–305240 / 144–378229 / 135–363156 / 71–278
DLI31 / 28–3431 / 28–3430 / 27–3327 / 24–3125 / 23–3025 / 22–3027 / 24–3230 / 27–3532 / 26–3629 / 24–3428 / 24–3229 / 26–32
RH %67 / 62–7167 / 62–7268 / 63–7269 / 65–7369 / 65–7368 / 63–7467 / 62–7466 / 60–7165 / 61–7067 / 63–7168 / 65–7167 / 63–71
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 150 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (256 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1703:2123 (4.825, -73.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -1.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 1.6 °C, 99th-percentile day 16.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 150 distinct grid cells holding 256 of the 257 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1703:2123 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 5.00_-73.750, lapse-corrected +765 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 3241 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 9281242 (Parablechnum loxense (Kunth) Gasper & Salino, 1923 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeCosta Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker4.645, -74.033 · in the densest population, 270 records (64% of those in range)
Kew's description“wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 419 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 256 of them in the land cells it reads, of 257 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 243 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 16 km away. 4 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 162 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 9281242 (Parablechnum loxense (Kunth) Gasper & Salino): Kew's file holds it as Parablechnum loxense (Kunth) Gasper & Salino (synonym under Blechnum loxense (Kunth) Hook. ex Salomon); 1,923 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 419 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist and GBIF media were skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Alchemilla orbiculata Alchemilla orbiculata Rosaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Carlo BresciaFernandezia crystallina Fernandezia crystallina Fernández’s Crystalline Orchid Photo: CC BY, Ryan F. MandelbaumEscallonia myrtilloides Escallonia myrtilloides Escalloniaceae Photo: CC BY, Yuri SofronovBaccharis tricuneata Baccharis tricuneata Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Yuri SofronovParamochloa effusa Paramochloa effusa Poaceae Photo: CC BY, GERMAN LEONEL SARMIENTO CRUZVaccinium floribundum Vaccinium floribundum Colombian blueberry Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Blechnum 52 in the reference

Blechnum appendiculatum Blechnum appendiculatum Palm fern Photo: CC0, author not stated Blechnum attenuatum Aspleniaceae Blechnum auratum Aspleniaceae Blechnum australe Blechnum australe Southern Deer Fern Photo: CC BY, EliasBlechnum brasiliense Blechnum brasiliense Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Valérie75 Blechnum capense Aspleniaceae Blechnum cartilagineum Blechnum cartilagineum Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Mark MarathonBlechnum chambersii Blechnum chambersii Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Rudolph89Blechnum chilense Blechnum chilense Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizBlechnum colensoi Blechnum colensoi Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Rudolph89Blechnum cordatum Blechnum cordatum Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Len Worthington Blechnum cyatheoides Aspleniaceae all 53 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Parablechnum loxense; Lomaria loxensis; Struthiopteris loxensis. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFO

The record

Family
Aspleniaceae
Described by
(Kunth) Hook. ex Salomon
Native to
Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela +4
Wild records
419 in range · 243 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Blechnum loxense (Kunth) Hook. ex Salomon (plant_name_id 3176058), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 1923 records of GBIF's key 9281242, Parablechnum loxense (Kunth) Gasper & Salino (Kew's file holds it as Parablechnum loxense (Kunth) Gasper & Salino (synonym under Blechnum loxense (Kunth) Hook. ex Salomon)): the GBIF download
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 5.00_-73.750, lapse-corrected +765 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 77186436-1, POWO 77186436-1
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 74 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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