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Blechnum mochaenum; photograph Jason Hollinger, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BYJason Hollinger, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel

Aspleniaceae · Brazil South, Argentina Northeast +4

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Blechnum mochaenum, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 2 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-3.8°C
Record low -7.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
20°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,933mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
9–48DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to March (April to September at the habitat), read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,159 mm of 2,891 mm) falls in April to September, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 7.6 °C against a yearly mean of 10.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: October to March.

Rain

2,891 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,159 mm of it April to September. Wettest month June at 508 mm, driest month February at 73 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,634 mm to 4,097 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,933 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,891 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 9 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 8, the highest 90th-percentile month 55).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -3.8 °C, the absolute minimum -7.9 °C, 1,659 frost nights in 44 years, 37.7 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.1 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 2.4 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range -1.3 °C to 6.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 20.3 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -3.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 60 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +271 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Blechnum mochaenum through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 20 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 2.4 °C; 2,891 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost30.1° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-7.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 9–48RH 60–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 123 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C20 / 17–2420 / 17–2418 / 15–2214 / 12–1812 / 9–149 / 6–129 / 5–1210 / 6–1211 / 8–1413 / 11–1715 / 13–2018 / 15–22
Night °C11 / 8–1211 / 8–1310 / 7–128 / 4–106 / 2–84 / 0–72 / -1–63 / -1–64 / 0–76 / 2–87 / 4–99 / 6–11
Rain mm98 / 25–18773 / 29–151128 / 52–234222 / 121–347450 / 257–596508 / 290–697411 / 243–554352 / 202–460216 / 126–308190 / 104–281136 / 64–228107 / 34–213
DLI48 / 42–5542 / 37–4831 / 27–3720 / 17–2512 / 10–169 / 8–1211 / 9–1416 / 14–2025 / 22–3033 / 30–4041 / 37–5047 / 42–55
RH %60 / 55–6460 / 56–6462 / 58–6664 / 60–6766 / 62–6867 / 64–7066 / 62–6865 / 62–6764 / 61–6564 / 60–6763 / 59–6661 / 57–65
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 123 grid cells holding the 173 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2601:2135 (-40.075, -73.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -7.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 123 distinct grid cells holding 173 of the 173 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2601:2135 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -40.00_-73.125, lapse-corrected +271 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 435 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 7296856 (Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel, 226 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeBrazil South, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South, Argentina Northwest, Chile Central, Chile South · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-39.332, -71.881 · in the densest population, 117 records (61% of those in range)
Kew's description“temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 192 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 173 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 52 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 9 km away. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 19 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 7296856 (Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel): Kew's file holds it as Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel (accepted); 226 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 192 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Blechnum mochaenum, photograph 1did not load

Photographs: Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Tropaeolum speciosum Tropaeolum speciosum Scottish flameflower Photo: CC0, author not statedArchidasyphyllum diacanthoides Archidasyphyllum diacanthoides Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Inao VasquezCaldcluvia paniculata Caldcluvia paniculata Cunoniaceae Photo: CC BY, David GutiérrezMegalastrum spectabile Megalastrum spectabile Dryopteridaceae Photo: CC BY, Pablo SilvaLuzuriaga radicans Luzuriaga radicans Alstroemeriaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Bruno AlzugarayEucryphia cordifolia Eucryphia cordifolia Ulmo Photo: CC BY-SA, Bruno Alzugaray

Other Blechnum 52 in the reference

Blechnum appendiculatum Blechnum appendiculatum Palm fern Photo: CC0, author not stated Blechnum attenuatum Aspleniaceae Blechnum auratum Aspleniaceae Blechnum australe Blechnum australe Southern Deer Fern Photo: CC BY, EliasBlechnum brasiliense Blechnum brasiliense Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Valérie75 Blechnum capense Aspleniaceae Blechnum cartilagineum Blechnum cartilagineum Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Mark MarathonBlechnum chambersii Blechnum chambersii Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Rudolph89Blechnum chilense Blechnum chilense Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizBlechnum colensoi Blechnum colensoi Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Rudolph89Blechnum cordatum Blechnum cordatum Aspleniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Len Worthington Blechnum cyatheoides Aspleniaceae all 53 ›

Names & registers

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFO

The record

Family
Aspleniaceae
Described by
G.Kunkel
Native to
Brazil South, Argentina Northeast, Argentina South +3
Wild records
192 in range · 52 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel (plant_name_id 3175306), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 226 records of GBIF's key 7296856, Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel (Kew's file holds it as Blechnum mochaenum G.Kunkel (accepted)): the GBIF download; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -40.00_-73.125, lapse-corrected +271 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 33625-2, POWO 33625-2
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 15 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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