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Campanula patula; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-09-23

Campanula patula L.

Spreading bellflower; Speading Bellflower

Campanulaceae · Finland, Great Britain +29

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Campanula patula, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedCampanula patula, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedCampanula patula, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedCampanula patula, photograph (c) Георгий Виноградов (Georgy Vinogradov), some rights reserved (CC BY)Campanula patula, photograph (c) Марина Садыкова, some rights reserved (CC BY)Campanula patula, photograph (c) aga_l_, some rights reserved (CC BY) 71 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-12.5°C
Record low -22.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
23°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
913mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
6–35DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Campanula patula or spreading bellflower is a plant species of the genus Campanula. It can grow to more than half a meter high. This delicate bellflower bears lateral branches of pale blue or white flowers that are upright and funnel shaped. The leaves are narrow and pointed. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Campanula patula", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Campanula

Campanula is the type genus of the Campanulaceae family of flowering plants. Campanula are commonly known as bellflowers and take both their common and scientific names from the bell-shaped flowers—campanula is Latin for "little bell".

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Campanula", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (685 mm of 902 mm) takes 8 months, May to December. Mean temperature moves 20.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to June.

Rain

902 mm in the median year at the habitat, 685 mm of it May to December. Wettest month July at 106 mm, driest month February at 46 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 633 mm to 1,464 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 913 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 902 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 6 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 4, the highest 90th-percentile month 37).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -12.5 °C, the absolute minimum -22.6 °C, 4,756 frost nights in 44 years, 108.1 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -5.2 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -9.1 °C to -3.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.7 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -12.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +31 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Campanula patula through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 23 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -5.2 °C; 902 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost34.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-22.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 6–35RH 58–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 647 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C2 / -1–34 / 0–58 / 4–1013 / 9–1518 / 15–2020 / 18–2323 / 20–2522 / 20–2418 / 15–2013 / 11–157 / 4–82 / 0–4
Night °C-5 / -9–-3-4 / -8–-3-1 / -5–13 / 0–58 / 4–1011 / 8–1314 / 10–1513 / 10–1510 / 7–115 / 3–70 / -4–2-4 / -8–-2
Rain mm51 / 30–9446 / 30–8361 / 38–11259 / 38–9690 / 63–130104 / 72–161106 / 76–183103 / 69–17083 / 55–13168 / 40–10566 / 44–11065 / 42–108
DLI8 / 6–1013 / 11–1620 / 18–2429 / 27–3234 / 32–3535 / 33–3634 / 33–3730 / 28–3222 / 19–2414 / 12–178 / 6–116 / 4–8
RH %65 / 62–6963 / 60–6661 / 59–6358 / 57–6159 / 57–6160 / 58–6259 / 57–6260 / 58–6362 / 60–6464 / 62–6666 / 64–6966 / 63–70
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 647 grid cells holding the 792 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 860:3921 (46.975, 16.075). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -22.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -12.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 647 distinct grid cells holding 792 of the 792 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 860:3921 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 47.00_16.250, lapse-corrected +31 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 310 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeFinland, Great Britain, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, France, Sardegna, Spain, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia, Belarus, Baltic States, Krym, Central European Russia, East European Russia, North European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine, Altay, West Siberia · introduced: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Buryatiya, Sakhalin, Connecticut, New Hampshire, New York · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker47.849, 13.446 · in the densest population, 292 records (36% of those in range)
Kew's description“biennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 811 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 792 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 80 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 175 km away. 13 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 19 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 811 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Campanula patula, photograph 1did not loadCampanula patula, photograph 2did not loadCampanula patula, photograph 3did not loadCampanula patula, photograph 4did not loadCampanula patula, photograph 5did not loadCampanula patula, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (3); (c) Георгий Виноградов (Georgy Vinogradov), some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Марина Садыкова, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) aga_l_, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Chrysosplenium alternifolium Chrysosplenium alternifolium Alternate-leaved Golden-saxifrage Photo: CC BY, Bartosz CzołczyńskiLilium martagon Lilium martagon Martagon lily Photo: CC BY, Alexander DubyninGaleopsis pubescens Galeopsis pubescens Downy hemp-nettle Photo: CC BY, Helen WatermanNeottia nidus-avis Neottia nidus-avis Bird's-nest Orchid Photo: CC0, author not statedFragaria moschata Fragaria moschata Rosaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedFestuca drymeja Festuca drymeja Poaceae Photo: CC0, Daderot

Other Campanula 129 in the reference

Campanula ajugifolia Campanula ajugifolia Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Serdar ÖlezCampanula alaskana Campanula alaskana Alaskan bellflower Photo: CC BY, scottj800Campanula alata Campanula alata Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Michael Wolf (Webseite)Campanula alliariifolia Campanula alliariifolia Cornish bellflower Photo: CC0, author not statedCampanula alpestris Campanula alpestris Large-flowered Bellflower Photo: CC BY, Antoine ThivolleCampanula alpina Campanula alpina Alpine Bellflower Photo: CC0, author not statedCampanula andrewsii Campanula andrewsii Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, BobCampanula armena Campanula armena Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY, Andre HosperCampanula arvatica Campanula arvatica Orviedo Bellflower Photo: CC BY-SA, Jan VršovskýCampanula asperuloides Campanula asperuloides Bellflower Photo: CC BY-SA, Ghislain118 (AD)…Campanula autraniana Campanula autraniana Autran's Campanula Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоCampanula barbata Campanula barbata Bearded bellflower Photo: CC BY, Antoine Thivolle all 130 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Campanula benearnensis; Campanula crepidioides; Campanula madonae; Campanula patens; Campanula patula f. bicolor and 8 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Campanulaceae
Described by
L.
Native to
Finland, Great Britain, Austria +28
Wild records
811 in range · 80 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence search API; 10 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (9 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 47.00_16.250, lapse-corrected +31 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 4 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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