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Casearia sylvestris; photograph (c) Gastón Repetto, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Gastón Repetto, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-09-14

Casearia sylvestris Sw.

Crackopen; Wild sage

Salicaceae · Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast +37

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Casearia sylvestris, photograph (c) Lorella, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Casearia sylvestris, photograph (c) Lorella, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Casearia sylvestris, photograph (c) Lorella, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Casearia sylvestris, photograph (c) Lorella, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Casearia sylvestris, photograph (c) Lorella, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Casearia sylvestris, photograph (c) Gastón Repetto, some rights reserved (CC BY) 74 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
13.9°C
Record low 11.2 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Jan, Feb and Mar at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,888mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
24–36DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Casearia sylvestris, most commonly known as guaçatonga, is a species of flowering plant in the family Salicaceae.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Casearia sylvestris", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,354 mm of 1,925 mm) takes 8 months, September to January and March to May. Mean temperature moves 4.4 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: March to July and September to November.

Rain

1,925 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,354 mm of it September to January and March to May. Wettest month November at 185 mm, driest month August at 122 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,420 mm to 3,413 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,888 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,925 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 13.9 °C, the absolute minimum 11.2 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 16.6 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 10.1 °C to 22.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 29.1 °C in January and February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 13.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 62 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +261 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Casearia sylvestris through the yearWarmest months January, February and March, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 16.6 °C; 1,925 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°35°40°34.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER11.2° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 24–36RH 62–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 187 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 25–3329 / 26–3329 / 25–3327 / 24–3126 / 21–2925 / 19–3025 / 19–3026 / 20–3127 / 21–3127 / 22–3128 / 23–3028 / 25–31
Night °C21 / 18–2422 / 18–2421 / 17–2420 / 16–2419 / 13–2317 / 11–2317 / 10–2217 / 11–2318 / 13–2319 / 15–2320 / 16–2321 / 17–23
Rain mm153 / 18–299152 / 37–233153 / 86–280179 / 88–366183 / 64–414151 / 37–390146 / 30–352122 / 30–302155 / 61–328184 / 84–354185 / 114–311162 / 53–276
DLI36 / 30–4136 / 30–3833 / 29–3829 / 24–3426 / 19–3224 / 16–3326 / 18–3530 / 22–3632 / 26–3833 / 30–3834 / 29–4034 / 29–43
RH %63 / 53–7063 / 53–7063 / 55–7064 / 60–7165 / 59–7165 / 58–7163 / 56–7063 / 55–6964 / 56–7065 / 58–7065 / 59–7162 / 58–71

Records on both sides of the equator: the 86 cells at least 10° north of it have seasons six months apart and are left out, not combined into a year no place has. These figures are across the 187 cells that remain: the 88 at least 10° south and the 99 within 10° of the equator, which stay in either way.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 187 grid cells holding the 215 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1984:2871 (-9.225, -36.425). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 11.2 °C, 1st-percentile night 13.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 187 distinct grid cells holding 215 of the 311 in-range records on the southern side of the equator (86 cells poleward of 10° north, 88 poleward of 10° south: the two sides' seasons are not combined, and cells within 10° of the equator stay in); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1984:2871 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -9.00_-36.250, lapse-corrected +261 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 765 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cayman Is., Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is., French Guiana, Guyana, Surinam, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil West-Central, Brazil Northeast, Brazil Southeast, Brazil North, Brazil South, Argentina Northeast, Argentina Northwest, Paraguay, Uruguay · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-22.906, -47.061 · in the densest population, 446 records (28% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1595 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 215 of them in the land cells it reads, of 311 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1365 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 45 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 1284 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1595 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Casearia sylvestris, photograph 1did not loadCasearia sylvestris, photograph 2did not loadCasearia sylvestris, photograph 3did not loadCasearia sylvestris, photograph 4did not loadCasearia sylvestris, photograph 5did not loadCasearia sylvestris, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Lorella, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (5); (c) Gastón Repetto, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Inga marginata Inga marginata Guabilla Photo: CC BY, Fabrício Mil Homens RiellaStachytarpheta cayennensis Stachytarpheta cayennensis Blue snakeweed Photo: CC BY, Victor Farjalla PontesCentratherum punctatum Centratherum punctatum Larkdaisy Photo: CC BY, Afsar NayakkanSchizolobium parahyba Schizolobium parahyba Brazilian firetree Photo: CC BY, Alexis López HernándezColubrina glandulosa Colubrina glandulosa Glandular nakedwood Photo: CC0, author not statedMachaerium hirtum Machaerium hirtum Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Denis Zabin

Other Casearia 9 in the reference

Casearia corymbosa Casearia corymbosa Salicaceae Photo: CC BY, Alexis López HernándezCasearia decandra Casearia decandra Wild honeytree Photo: CC BY, Patrícia MeesCasearia dodecandra Casearia dodecandra Guayabilla Photo: CC0, Yolanda M. LeonCasearia glomerata Casearia glomerata Salicaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedCasearia guianensis Casearia guianensis Guyanese wild coffee Photo: CC BY, ritireneCasearia laetioides Casearia laetioides Salicaceae Photo: CC BY, Dayron BretoCasearia membranacea Casearia membranacea Salicaceae Photo: CC BY, lansanCasearia tachirensis Casearia tachirensis Salicaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, ciroalfonsosoto20Casearia yucatanensis Casearia yucatanensis Salicaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Jalil R.

Names & registers

Also known as Casearia celtidifolia; Casearia sylvestris var. martinicensis; Casearia sylvestris var. sylvestris. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Salicaceae
Described by
Sw.
Native to
Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf +36
Wild records
1595 in range · 1365 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 27 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (8 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 10 at a herbarium, 9 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -9.00_-36.250, lapse-corrected +261 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 261 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…