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An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Cassia sieberiana; photograph Dr Bello olunike Adetunji, CC BY-SA, via GBIF CC BY-SADr Bello olunike Adetunji, CC BY-SA, via GBIF

Cassia sieberiana DC.

African Laburnum

Fabaceae · Benin, Burkina +19

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Cassia sieberiana, photograph reiner claessens, CC BY-SA, via GBIFCassia sieberiana, photograph Denis Bastianelli, CC BY-SA, via GBIFCassia sieberiana, photograph Didier Descouens, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsCassia sieberiana, photograph Mariam SAVADOGO, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 5 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
16.2°C
Record low 12.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
37°C
Mar and Apr at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,061mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
29–42DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes June to September, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Cassia sieberiana, the drumstick tree, is a tree in the family Fabaceae native to Africa. It ranges from 10 to 20 metres in height and has very bright yellow flowers. It is used for multiple medical purposes in Africa and is found in the secondary jungle of a forest.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Cassia sieberiana", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (766 mm of 1,003 mm) falls in June to September, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 26.1 °C against a yearly mean of 27.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Rain

1,003 mm in the median year at the habitat, 766 mm of it June to September. Wettest month August at 244 mm, driest month December at 0 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 704 mm to 1,650 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,061 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,003 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 29 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 25, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 16.2 °C, the absolute minimum 12.4 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 42.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 18.9 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 17.1 °C to 22.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 37.2 °C in March (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 16.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 35 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -79 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Cassia sieberiana through the yearWarmest months March and April, mean daily high 37 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 18.9 °C; 1,003 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°20°30°40°50°42.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER12.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 29–42RH 35–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 427 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C34 / 31–3536 / 34–3737 / 34–3937 / 33–4035 / 31–3932 / 29–3629 / 28–3229 / 27–3030 / 28–3231 / 30–3534 / 31–3633 / 32–34
Night °C19 / 17–2221 / 19–2423 / 22–2525 / 23–2725 / 23–2724 / 22–2623 / 21–2422 / 21–2422 / 21–2423 / 21–2421 / 20–2319 / 18–23
Rain mm1 / 0–91 / 0–249 / 0–6543 / 2–116101 / 27–164147 / 96–227195 / 135–300244 / 122–393180 / 122–30277 / 28–1895 / 0–350 / 0–10
DLI38 / 35–3941 / 37–4242 / 36–4442 / 35–4540 / 32–4336 / 28–4131 / 26–3629 / 25–3332 / 27–3737 / 30–3938 / 32–3937 / 33–38
RH %36 / 33–5435 / 30–5542 / 32–6052 / 40–6357 / 48–6561 / 55–6865 / 60–6967 / 64–7067 / 62–6962 / 51–6747 / 37–6439 / 34–57
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 427 grid cells holding the 608 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1577:3320 (11.125, -13.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 12.4 °C, 1st-percentile night 16.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 42.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 427 distinct grid cells holding 608 of the 608 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1577:3320 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 11.00_-13.750, lapse-corrected -79 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 164 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBenin, Burkina, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Zaïre, Chad, Sudan, Uganda · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker10.233, 1.983 · in the densest population, 478 records (45% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1053 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 608 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1004 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 466 km away. 445 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1053 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Cassia sieberiana, photograph 1did not loadCassia sieberiana, photograph 2did not loadCassia sieberiana, photograph 3did not loadCassia sieberiana, photograph 4did not load

Photographs: reiner claessens, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; Denis Bastianelli, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; Didier Descouens, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Mariam SAVADOGO, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Hexalobus monopetalus Hexalobus monopetalus Annonaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedMitragyna inermis Mitragyna inermis Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, Denis BastianelliBombax costatum Bombax costatum Red kapok tree Photo: CC BY, Attila OláhLeucas martinicensis Leucas martinicensis Whitewort Photo: CC BY, Bruno - Yolande ZanetteDiospyros mespiliformis Diospyros mespiliformis African Ebony Photo: CC BY-SA, alanbedfordshaw Ledebouria sudanica Asparagaceae

Other Cassia 13 in the reference

Cassia abbreviata Cassia abbreviata Long-pod-cassia Photo: CC BY, Patrick JacksonCassia bakeriana Cassia bakeriana Fabaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedCassia brewsteri Cassia brewsteri Leichardt-bean Photo: CC BY, Lucas ChristofidesCassia eremophila Cassia eremophila Fabaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, NadiatalentCassia ferruginea Cassia ferruginea Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Reinaldo de Oliveira EliasCassia fistula Cassia fistula Golden shower Photo: CC0, author not statedCassia grandis Cassia grandis Pink shower Photo: CC0, author not statedCassia javanica Cassia javanica Apple blossom Photo: CC BY, Sandipan DasCassia leptophylla Cassia leptophylla Gold medallion tree Photo: CC BY, Paulo C. O. CunhaCassia marksiana Cassia marksiana Fabaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyCassia moschata Cassia moschata Bronze Shower Tree Photo: CC BY, Miguel José Lengua HernándezCassia roxburghii Cassia roxburghii Roxburgh's cassia Photo: CC BY, Aparna all 14 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Cassia conspicua; Cassia kotschyana; Cassia sieberana; Cassia sieberiana var. macrocarpa; Cathartocarpus conspicuus and 1 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Cassia javanica Sieber and Cassia javanica Sieber ex Benth. is an older name of this species, not Cassia javanica, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Fabaceae
Described by
DC.
Native to
Benin, Burkina, The Gambia +18
Wild records
1053 in range · 1004 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 2 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (2 at a herbarium; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 11.00_-13.750, lapse-corrected -79 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 82 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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