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Cestrum racemosum; photograph (c) Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2018-07-28

Cestrum racemosum Ruiz & Pav.

Solanaceae · Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf +15

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Cestrum racemosum, photograph (c) Nicolás Baresch Uribe, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cestrum racemosum, photograph (c) Nicolás Baresch Uribe, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cestrum racemosum, photograph (c) Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cestrum racemosum, photograph (c) Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, some rights reserved (CC BY) 5 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
12.8°C
Record low 9.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,776mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
24–38DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to November, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Cestrum

Cestrum is a genus of — depending on authority — 150-250 species of flowering plants in the family Solanaceae. They are native to warm temperate to tropical regions of the Americas, from the southernmost United States south to the Bío-Bío Region in central Chile. They are colloquially known as cestrums or jessamines.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Cestrum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,926 mm of 2,609 mm) falls in June to November, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.2 °C against a yearly mean of 23.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to May.

Rain

2,609 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,926 mm of it June to November. Wettest month September at 385 mm, driest month March at 72 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,966 mm to 4,110 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,776 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,609 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 38 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 21, the highest 90th-percentile month 42).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 12.8 °C, the absolute minimum 9.3 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 17.7 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 10.6 °C to 21.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.5 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 12.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -49 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Cestrum racemosum through the yearWarmest month May, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 17.7 °C; 2,609 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.5°10°15°20°25°30°35°40°38.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER9.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 24–38RH 63–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 150 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C25 / 20–2926 / 20–2928 / 21–3028 / 21–3229 / 21–3328 / 21–3128 / 21–3028 / 21–3028 / 21–2927 / 20–2826 / 20–2825 / 19–28
Night °C18 / 11–2118 / 11–2219 / 11–2221 / 13–2322 / 13–2422 / 14–2421 / 14–2421 / 14–2421 / 14–2321 / 13–2319 / 12–2218 / 11–21
Rain mm100 / 42–193105 / 44–20472 / 34–28389 / 45–395164 / 96–490310 / 184–490321 / 145–515345 / 165–538385 / 213–565331 / 187–455234 / 91–392153 / 63–267
DLI25 / 22–3430 / 26–3535 / 30–3838 / 27–4238 / 25–4234 / 24–3734 / 25–3934 / 28–3831 / 26–3529 / 25–3326 / 23–3224 / 21–32
RH %66 / 59–7165 / 58–7063 / 58–7063 / 58–7265 / 59–7267 / 64–7368 / 64–7368 / 63–7369 / 64–7368 / 64–7368 / 64–7367 / 63–72
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 150 grid cells holding the 210 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1460:1775 (16.975, -91.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 9.3 °C, 1st-percentile night 12.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 150 distinct grid cells holding 210 of the 210 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1460:1775 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 17.00_-91.250, lapse-corrected -49 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 392 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker18.585, -95.07 · in the densest population, 248 records (40% of those in range)
Doubtfully present inFrench Guiana · recorded by WCVP as doubtfully present: not part of the range records are tested against
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 624 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 210 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 549 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 414 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 624 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Cestrum racemosum, photograph 1did not loadCestrum racemosum, photograph 2did not loadCestrum racemosum, photograph 3did not loadCestrum racemosum, photograph 4did not load

Photographs: (c) Nicolás Baresch Uribe, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Neptalí Ramírez Marcial, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Nephrolepis pendula Nephrolepis pendula Nephrolepidaceae Photo: CC BY, Cheng-Wei CHENDieffenbachia oerstedii Dieffenbachia oerstedii Araceae Photo: CC BY, Anders HastingsProsthechea pygmaea Prosthechea pygmaea Dwarf butterfly orchid Photo: CC BY-SA, Turner BrockmanPsiguria warscewiczii Psiguria warscewiczii Cucurbitaceae Photo: CC BY, Eduardo Chacón MadrigalAristolochia grandiflora Aristolochia grandiflora Pelicanflower Photo: CC BY-SA, Mar MarCycnoches egertonianum Cycnoches egertonianum Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Eduardo Chacón Madrigal

Other Cestrum 17 in the reference

Cestrum alternifolium Alternateleaf jessamine Cestrum aurantiacum Cestrum aurantiacum Orange cestrum Photo: CC BY, Angus CampbellCestrum auriculatum Cestrum auriculatum Solanaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, CbresciaCestrum buxifolium Cestrum buxifolium Black beauty cestrum Photo: CC BY, Nicolás Baresch UribeCestrum diurnum Cestrum diurnum Day jessamine Photo: CC0, author not statedCestrum elegans Cestrum elegans Purple cestrum Photo: CC0, author not statedCestrum fasciculatum Cestrum fasciculatum Early jessamine Photo: CC BY, Shaun SwanepoelCestrum glanduliferum Cestrum glanduliferum Glandbearing cestrum Photo: CC BY, José Belem Hernández DíazCestrum laevigatum Cestrum laevigatum Inkberry Bush Photo: CC0, author not statedCestrum mutisii Cestrum mutisii Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Carlos TorrenteCestrum nocturnum Cestrum nocturnum Night jessamine Photo: CC BY, Will CornwellCestrum parqui Cestrum parqui Green cestrum Photo: CC BY, Rocío Esmeralda Pose all 18 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Cestrum grande; Cestrum mathewsii; Cestrum panamense; Cestrum racemosum var. bolivianum; Cestrum racemosum var. grande and 1 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Solanaceae
Described by
Ruiz & Pav.
Native to
Mexico Central, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest +14
Wild records
624 in range · 549 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 6 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (4 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 17.00_-91.250, lapse-corrected -49 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 85 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…