Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Chylismia claviformis; photograph (c) Jason Schock, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Jason Schock, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-05-25

Chylismia claviformis (Torr. & Frém.) A.Heller

Brown-eyes; Brown-eyed primrose

Onagraceae · Idaho, Oregon +5

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Chylismia claviformis, photograph (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY)Chylismia claviformis, photograph (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY)Chylismia claviformis, photograph (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY)Chylismia claviformis, photograph (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY)Chylismia claviformis, photograph (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY)Chylismia claviformis, photograph (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY) 98 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-1.5°C
Record low -7.1 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
38°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
151mm
No month of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
20–55DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes November to March and August, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Chylismia claviformis is a species of wildflower known as browneyes or brown-eyed primrose native to North America. This species is found across western North America from the Pacific Northwest to northern Mexico.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Chylismia claviformis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (108 mm of 142 mm) falls in November to March and August, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 15.8 °C against a yearly mean of 20.5 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: February and May to September.

Rain

142 mm in the median year at the habitat, 108 mm of it November to March and August. Wettest month February at 24 mm, driest month June at 1 mm; 2 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 91 mm to 282 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 151 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 142 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 20 to 55 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 17, the highest 90th-percentile month 55).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -1.5 °C, the absolute minimum -7.1 °C, 392 frost nights in 44 years, 8.9 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 44.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 4.7 °C in December (across the grid cells of the range -4.6 °C to 8.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 38.1 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -1.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 39 to 48% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +81 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Chylismia claviformis through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 38 °C; coldest month December, mean nightly low 4.7 °C; 142 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°50°frost44.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-7.1° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter01020304050mm rainDLI 20–55RH 39–48%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 564 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C16 / 4–2018 / 7–2222 / 12–2626 / 16–3031 / 22–3535 / 28–4038 / 31–4237 / 31–4134 / 26–3828 / 19–3220 / 11–2515 / 5–20
Night °C5 / -5–96 / -4–109 / 0–1312 / 4–1616 / 9–2020 / 13–2424 / 18–2824 / 17–2821 / 13–2515 / 7–199 / 1–135 / -5–9
Rain mm23 / 13–4424 / 14–4519 / 11–367 / 2–223 / 1–181 / 0–117 / 4–1510 / 6–198 / 5–148 / 5–1812 / 6–2720 / 11–39
DLI22 / 19–2428 / 25–3038 / 35–4047 / 45–4852 / 50–5355 / 53–5551 / 50–5347 / 45–4841 / 39–4232 / 29–3424 / 20–2620 / 17–21
RH %48 / 44–5548 / 44–5546 / 41–5243 / 38–4942 / 36–4739 / 34–4540 / 36–4442 / 37–4542 / 38–4543 / 40–4745 / 42–5147 / 44–55
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 564 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1370 records in those cells; 16 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1137:1366 (33.125, -111.675). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -7.1 °C, 1st-percentile night -1.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 44.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 564 distinct grid cells holding 1370 of the 1398 in-range records (16 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1137:1366 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 33.00_-111.875, lapse-corrected +81 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 515 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeIdaho, Oregon, Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Mexico Northwest · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker33.311, -116.197 · in the densest population, 1188 records (65% of those in range)
Kew's description“annual” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1821 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1370 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1398 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 478 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 33 km away. 6 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 423 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1821 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Chylismia claviformis, photograph 1did not loadChylismia claviformis, photograph 2did not loadChylismia claviformis, photograph 3did not loadChylismia claviformis, photograph 4did not loadChylismia claviformis, photograph 5did not loadChylismia claviformis, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Matt Berger, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Oenothera deltoides Oenothera deltoides Birdcage evening-primrose Photo: CC BY, Matt BergerPetalonyx thurberi Petalonyx thurberi Thurber's sandpaper plant Photo: CC BY, Rachel AllinghamPhysalis crassifolia Physalis crassifolia Yellow nightshade groundcherry Photo: CC BY, Xochitl ZambranoCylindropuntia fosbergii Cylindropuntia fosbergii Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Rosario DouglasPhacelia crenulata Phacelia crenulata Caterpillarweed Photo: CC BY, Daughter DadCylindropuntia ramosissima Cylindropuntia ramosissima Pencil cactus Photo: CC BY, CK2AZ

Other Chylismia 2 in the reference

Chylismia brevipes Chylismia brevipes Yellow cups Photo: CC0, author not statedChylismia cardiophylla Chylismia cardiophylla Heartleaf suncup Photo: CC BY, Matt Berger

Names & registers

Also known as Chylismia clavaeformis var. typica; Chylismia claviformis var. typica; Oenothera claviformis var. citrina; Oenothera claviformis var. typica. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Onagraceae
Described by
(Torr. & Frém.) A.Heller
Native to
Idaho, Oregon, Arizona +4
Wild records
1821 in range · 478 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 6 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (6 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 33.00_-111.875, lapse-corrected +81 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 59 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…