Species
+

Cinnamomum burmanni (Nees & T.Nees) Blume

Batavia cinnamon, Batavia cinnamon, Batavia-cassia, Canela china

Climate known 59 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Cinnamomum burmanni, also known as Indonesian cinnamon, Padang cassia, Batavia cassia, or korintje, is one of several plants in the genus Cinnamomum whose bark is sold as the spice cinnamon. It is an evergreen tree native to southeast Asia.

Text from Wikipedia, “Cinnamomum burmanni”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Cinnamomum

Cinnamomum is a genus of evergreen aromatic trees and shrubs belonging to the laurel family, Lauraceae. The species of Cinnamomum have aromatic oils in their leaves and bark and are best known as the source of the spice cinnamon. The genus contains about 227 species, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia and Oceania/Australasia. More on Wikipedia ›

The opening of Wikipedia, “Cinnamomum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Lauraceae
Described by
(Nees & T.Nees) Blume
Native to
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast +10
Wild records
1116 in range· 325 open

At a glance

Warmest month
30°C
Jul, mean day; nights 24 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
2278mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Jun 340 mm (CHELSA)
Light
21–35DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to September in the northern hemisphere (April to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 2278 mm a year, wettest June at 340 mm, driest December at 50 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 21 to 35 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 8.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Cinnamomum ammannii Lukman.; Cinnamomum burmannii var. chinense (Blume) Meisn.; Cinnamomum burmannii var. kiamis (Nees) Meisn.; Cinnamomum cassia Siebold; Cinnamomum chinense Blume and 25 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to September in the northern hemisphere (April to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (1712 mm of 2278 mm) falls in April to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 25.8 °C against a yearly mean of 22.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: October to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 2278 mm a year, wettest June at 340 mm, driest December at 50 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

2278 mm a year at the habitat, 1712 mm of it April to September. Wettest month June at 340 mm, driest December at 50 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1663 mm to 4113 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 21 to 35 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 21 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 14, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 8.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 8.7 °C, the absolute minimum 3.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.2 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 12.5 °C in January (across the envelope cells 5.3 °C to 19.4 °C), warmest day 29.5 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 8.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 19 °C in Jan to 30 °C in Jul; mean night from 13 °C in Jan to 24 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 2278 mm of rain a year, most in Jun. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 645 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 3.9 °C and the 99th-percentile day 34.2 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°34.2° 99th-percentile day (undated)3.9° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 21–35RH 63–66 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 645 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C19 / 13–2619 / 15–2622 / 18–2725 / 22–2827 / 24–2929 / 25–3030 / 25–3129 / 26–3128 / 25–3026 / 23–2823 / 19–2720 / 15–26
Night °C13 / 5–1914 / 7–2016 / 10–2119 / 14–2221 / 17–2423 / 18–2524 / 18–2624 / 18–2623 / 18–2520 / 16–2318 / 11–2114 / 6–20
Rain mm61 / 23–347116 / 32–334149 / 46–352189 / 88–317282 / 176–387340 / 179–483291 / 159–472323 / 152–506287 / 104–525115 / 44–49675 / 30–42750 / 23–366
DLI21 / 14–2922 / 16–3227 / 20–3430 / 24–3631 / 27–3532 / 28–3435 / 31–3833 / 30–3530 / 28–3327 / 22–3223 / 17–2921 / 14–28
RH %64 / 59–7265 / 62–7265 / 62–7166 / 63–7166 / 63–7066 / 63–7066 / 63–7066 / 63–7066 / 62–7064 / 59–7063 / 58–7163 / 57–72

Each figure is the median across the 645 grid cells holding the 1100 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1298:6029 (25.075, 121.475). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 3.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 8.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 645 distinct grid cells holding the 1100 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1298:6029 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 25.00_121.250, lapse-corrected -224 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 5 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera· introduced: Gulf of Guinea Is., Mauritius, Hawaii, Cuba
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker24.347, 120.928 · in the densest population, 579 records (52% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1116 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 325 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 48 km away. 248 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 16 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1116 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Cinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanniCinnamomum burmanni

Photographs: (c) renjus box, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) vrxz, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (3); (c) Kevin Faccenda, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Cinnamomum burmanni, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Development of oil and mucilage cells inCinnamomum burmanni. An ultrastructural study
Margreet Bakker, Arnout F. Gerritsen, P. J. Van Der Schaaf (1991) · Acta Botanica Neerlandica
Bornyl Diphosphate Synthase From Cinnamomum burmanni and Its Application for (+)-Borneol Biosynthesis in Yeast
Rui Ma, Ping Su, Juan Guo, Baolong Jin (2021) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
PHYTOSOCIOLOGY OF A LOWER MONTANE FOREST ON MT. BATULANTEH, SUMBAWA, INDONESIA
Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansur, Kuswata Kartawinata (2017) · REINWARDTIA
Bioactivities and Chemical Compositions of Cinnamomum burmannii Bark Extracts (Lauraceae)
Prasetyorini Djarot, Yulianita Yulianita, Novi Fajar Utami, Aditya Mahesa Putra (2023) · Sustainability
Secondary Metabolites of Cinnamomum burmanni
T. L. Yang, C. L. Kao, C. E. Kuo, H. C. Yeh (2024) · Chemistry of Natural Compounds
The commercial potential of forest trees as medicinal and health ingredients
Syamsul Hidayat, Ervizal A.M. Zuhud, Didik Widyatmoko, Bahruni Bahruni (2021) · Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Antioxidant properties of spice extracts
Wahyu Widowati, Hana Ratnawati, Winsa Husin, Maesaroh Maesaroh (2015)
Evidences and implications of vegetation damage from ceramic industrial emission on a rural site in the Pearl River Delta of China
Wen Wen, Dazhi, Kuang Kuang, Yuan (2006) · Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIINFLAMASI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KAYU MANIS (Cinnamomum burmanni) PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN
Rahmila Yuni Astika, Fathnur Sani K, Elisma Elisma (2022) · Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung
A New β-Ionone from Cinnamomum burmanni
S. L. Liu, C. L. Kao, H. C. Yeh, H. T. Li (2021) · Chemistry of Natural Compounds

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Cinnamomum 3 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 56 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.