Species
+

Clausena excavata Burm.fil.

Coffee Bush, False Curry Leaf Tree

Climate known 70 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Clausena excavata is a species of evergreen shrub that grows 1–2 metres tall, in the family Rutaceae, native to Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, the Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. The plant is commonly by various names, including pink lime-berry, cama, cemama, cemamar, cerek, cerek hitam, kemantu hitam, secerek, semeru, and suntang hitam.

Text from Wikipedia, “Clausena excavata”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Clausena

Clausena is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It was first defined by the Dutch botanist Nicolaas Laurens Burman in 1768. It is distributed in Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands.

Text from Wikipedia, “Clausena”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Rutaceae
Described by
Burm.fil.
Native to
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast +19
Wild records
736 in range· 349 open

At a glance

Warmest month
29°C
Jul, mean day; nights 24 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1972mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Aug 285 mm (CHELSA)
Light
25–35DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to October in the northern hemisphere (May to October at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 1972 mm a year, wettest August at 285 mm, driest January at 46 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 35 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 16.0 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Amyris graveolens Buch.-Ham.; Amyris graveolens Buch.-Ham. ex Steud.; Amyris punctata Roxb.; Amyris punctata Roxb. ex Colebr.; Amyris sumatrana Roxb. and 21 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, May to October in the northern hemisphere (May to October at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (1498 mm of 1972 mm) falls in May to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.3 °C against a yearly mean of 24.1 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to April.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1972 mm a year, wettest August at 285 mm, driest January at 46 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1972 mm a year at the habitat, 1498 mm of it May to October. Wettest month August at 285 mm, driest January at 46 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1430 mm to 3506 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 35 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 25 to 35 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 17, the highest 90th-percentile month 40).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 16.0 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 16.0 °C, the absolute minimum 12.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 28.0 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 16.7 °C in January (across the envelope cells 10.1 °C to 23.9 °C), warmest day 29.1 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 16.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 23 °C in Dec to 29 °C in Jul; mean night from 17 °C in Jan to 24 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1972 mm of rain a year, most in Aug. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 424 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 12.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 28.0 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°15°20°25°30°35°28.0° 99th-percentile day (undated)12.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 25–35RH 63–67 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 424 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C24 / 17–2925 / 18–3027 / 21–3128 / 24–3229 / 26–3129 / 26–3129 / 26–3129 / 26–3128 / 26–3027 / 25–3026 / 22–2923 / 19–29
Night °C17 / 10–2418 / 12–2419 / 15–2521 / 18–2523 / 19–2624 / 20–2624 / 20–2624 / 20–2623 / 19–2522 / 18–2520 / 15–2417 / 11–24
Rain mm46 / 9–35263 / 16–29491 / 32–307133 / 64–281223 / 153–343259 / 142–459271 / 148–513285 / 140–550272 / 140–452188 / 65–39593 / 31–38348 / 16–386
DLI27 / 17–3330 / 19–3733 / 24–4035 / 29–4033 / 30–3733 / 28–3533 / 28–3833 / 27–3631 / 27–3629 / 24–3426 / 21–3125 / 18–31
RH %64 / 57–7164 / 56–7064 / 56–7065 / 58–7066 / 63–7066 / 63–7166 / 64–7167 / 64–7166 / 64–7166 / 62–7165 / 59–7263 / 58–71

Each figure is the median across the 424 grid cells holding the 727 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1355:6016 (22.225, 120.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 12.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 16.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 28.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 424 distinct grid cells holding the 727 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1355:6016 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 22.00_120.625, lapse-corrected +390 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 414 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, New Guinea· introduced: Seychelles, Christmas I.
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker22.155, 120.748 · in the densest population, 322 records (44% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 736 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 349 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 18 km away. 46 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 9 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 736 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Clausena excavataClausena excavataClausena excavataClausena excavataClausena excavataClausena excavataClausena excavataClausena excavata

Photographs: no rights reserved · CC0 (3); (c) Yinling Chen, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) 林正文, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Clausena excavata, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Coumarins and Carbazoles fromClausena excavataExhibited Antimycobacterial and Antifungal Activities
Arunrat Sunthitikawinsakul, Ngampong Kongkathip, Boonsong Kongkathip, Sida Phonnakhu (2003) · Planta Medica
Immunomodulatory activities of Clausena excavata Burm. f. wood extracts
Aranya Manosroi, Aurasorn Saraphanchotiwitthaya, Jiradej Manosroi (2003) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Anti‐HIV‐1 constituents from Clausena excavata: Part II. carbazoles and a pyranocoumarin
Boonsong Kongkathip, Ngampong Kongkathip, Arunrat Sunthitikawinsakul, Chanita Napaswat (2005) · Phytotherapy Research
Carbazole alkaloids from Clausena excavata and their biological activity
Tian‐Shung Wu, Shiow-Chyn Huang, Pei‐Lin Wu, Che‐Ming Teng (1996) · Phytochemistry
Alkaloidal and other constituents from the root bark of Clausena excavata
Tian-Shung Wu, Shiow-Chyn Huang, Pei-Lin Wu, Chang-Sheng Kuoh (1999) · Phytochemistry
Insecticidal activities of leaf and twig essential oils from Clausena excavata against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus larvae
Sen‐Sung Cheng, Hui‐Ting Chang, Chun-Ya Lin, P.-G. Chen (2008) · Pest Management Science
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of medicinal plants used by the Bentian tribe from Indonesia
Irawan Wijaya Kusuma, Murdiyanto, Enos Tangke Arung, Syafrizal Syafrizal (2014) · Food Science and Human Wellness
Heterochromatin banding patterns in Rutaceae‐Aurantioideae—a case of parallel chromosomal evolution
Marcelo Guerra, Karla G. B. dos Santos, Ana Emília Barros e Silva, Friedrich Ehrendorfer (2000) · American Journal of Botany
Constituents of Clausena excavata. Isolation and Structural Elucidation of New Carbazole Alkaloids.
Chihiro Ito, Shinya Katsuno, Hideki OHTA, Mitsuo Omura (1997) · Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
Apparent Tolerance to Huanglongbing in Citrus and Citrus-related Germplasm
Godfrey P. Miles, Ed Stover, Chandrika Ramadugu, Manjunath L. Keremane (2017) · HortScience
A new antifungal coumarin from Clausena excavata
Ramashish Kumar, Aniruddha Saha, Dipanwita Saha (2011) · Fitoterapia

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Clausena 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 52 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.