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Clerodendrum indicum; photograph (c) Nguyen-Khanh-Trinh Tram, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Nguyen-Khanh-Trinh Tram, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2023-01-29

Clerodendrum indicum (L.) Kuntze

Turk's turban; Tubbeflower; Turk's turbin

Lamiaceae · China South-Central, China Southeast +13

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Clerodendrum indicum, photograph (c) Daniel Nunez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Clerodendrum indicum, photograph (c) Daniel Nunez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Clerodendrum indicum, photograph (c) Daniel Nunez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Clerodendrum indicum, photograph (c) Scott Allen Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY)Clerodendrum indicum, photograph (c) Scott Allen Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY)Clerodendrum indicum, photograph (c) mblake7, some rights reserved (CC BY) 81 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
8.1°C
Record low 4.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
33°C
Apr at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,862mm
9 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
26–41DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Clerodendrum indicum, commonly known as Turk's turban, is a species of flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is a perennial shrub or subshrub native to tropical and subtropical parts of Asia.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Clerodendrum indicum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Clerodendrum

Clerodendrum is a genus of flowering plants formerly placed in the family Verbenaceae, but now considered to belong to the Lamiaceae (mint) family. Its common names include glorybower, bagflower, pagoda flower and bleeding-heart. It is currently classified in the subfamily Ajugoideae, being one of several genera transferred from Verbenaceae to Lamiaceae in the 1990s, based on phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Clerodendrum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,329 mm of 1,845 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 27.4 °C against a yearly mean of 25.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Rain

1,845 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,329 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 396 mm, driest month December at 12 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,070 mm to 3,068 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,862 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,845 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 41 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 8.1 °C, the absolute minimum 4.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 45.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 13.4 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 8.3 °C to 22.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 33.0 °C in April (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 8.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -42 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Clerodendrum indicum through the yearWarmest month April, mean daily high 33 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 13.4 °C; 1,845 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°45.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER4.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 26–41RH 56–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 57 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C26 / 21–3129 / 23–3232 / 27–3533 / 28–3732 / 29–3731 / 28–3630 / 27–3230 / 27–3130 / 27–3130 / 26–3028 / 25–3026 / 22–30
Night °C13 / 8–2316 / 10–2320 / 14–2424 / 19–2625 / 21–2725 / 21–2725 / 22–2624 / 22–2624 / 21–2522 / 18–2418 / 14–2414 / 10–23
Rain mm14 / 2–3423 / 4–4836 / 11–8058 / 12–225172 / 35–368288 / 106–706396 / 134–588361 / 150–535284 / 181–399162 / 54–34139 / 8–15712 / 6–39
DLI30 / 24–3635 / 30–4039 / 36–4341 / 34–4535 / 31–4530 / 25–3526 / 23–3127 / 23–3128 / 26–3229 / 27–3329 / 26–3128 / 23–33
RH %57 / 52–6156 / 51–6156 / 48–6260 / 45–6463 / 46–6767 / 56–7168 / 64–7268 / 65–7168 / 65–7065 / 57–6960 / 53–6658 / 51–63
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 57 grid cells holding the 59 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1362:5343 (21.875, 87.175). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 4.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 8.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 45.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 57 distinct grid cells holding 59 of the 59 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1362:5343 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 22.00_86.875, lapse-corrected -42 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 32 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, China Southeast, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaya, Sumatera · introduced: Borneo, Jawa, Maluku, Sulawesi, New Caledonia, Samoa, Society Is., Marianas, Texas, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker22.585, 88.416 · in the densest population, 34 records (34% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub or shrub” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 99 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 59 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 72 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 239 km away. 438 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 40 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 99 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Clerodendrum indicum, photograph 1did not loadClerodendrum indicum, photograph 2did not loadClerodendrum indicum, photograph 3did not loadClerodendrum indicum, photograph 4did not loadClerodendrum indicum, photograph 5did not loadClerodendrum indicum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Daniel Nunez, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Scott Allen Davis, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) mblake7, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Bambusa tulda Bambusa tulda Bengal bamboo Photo: CC BY-SA, DvellakatJusticia gendarussa Justicia gendarussa Warer willow Photo: CC BY, 謝麗霦Dillenia indica Dillenia indica Elephant apple Photo: CC BY, Luan MazzeoGrangea maderaspatana Grangea maderaspatana Madras carpet Photo: CC BY, nirjesh gautamChrysopogon zizanioides Chrysopogon zizanioides Khuskhus Vetiver Photo: CC BY, rjtizardClerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum infortunatum Lamiaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Clerodendrum 29 in the reference

Clerodendrum buchananii Clerodendrum buchananii Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, TauʻolungaClerodendrum bungei Clerodendrum bungei Rose glorybower Photo: CC BY, Carminda SantosClerodendrum calamitosum Clerodendrum calamitosum Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Greg III EsperaClerodendrum canescens Clerodendrum canescens Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Zheng-An WangClerodendrum chinense Clerodendrum chinense Stickbush Photo: CC BY, Toby Y Clerodendrum colebrookeanum East Indian glory bower Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum Mayflower Gloryberry Photo: CC BY, Zheng-An WangClerodendrum floribundum Clerodendrum floribundum Lolly Bush Photo: CC BY, Petra HollandClerodendrum formicarum Clerodendrum formicarum Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Robert TaylorClerodendrum fortunatum Clerodendrum fortunatum Gloryberry Photo: CC BY, Hilda ChanClerodendrum infortunatum Clerodendrum infortunatum Lamiaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedClerodendrum japonicum Clerodendrum japonicum Japanese glorybower Photo: CC BY, 雲一百香果 all 30 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Clerodendrum indicum f. semiserratum; Clerodendrum longicolle; Clerodendrum mite; Clerodendrum semiserratum; Clerodendrum siphonanthus and 6 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Lamiaceae
Described by
(L.) Kuntze
Native to
China South-Central, China Southeast, Assam +12
Wild records
99 in range · 72 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-21
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-21
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-21names fetched 2026-10-21
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 57 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (57 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-21
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-21NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 22.00_86.875, lapse-corrected -42 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-21
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-21
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-21
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 54 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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