Conoclinium coelestinum, Chatham County, NC, USA

Conoclinium coelestinum (L.) DC.

Blauer Wasserdost (DE), Blue mistflower (EN), blue boneset, blue mist-flower

Climate known 59 photographs

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Conoclinium coelestinum, commonly known as blue mistflower, mistflower, wild ageratum, or blue boneset, is a North American species of herbaceous perennial flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It was formerly classified in the genus Eupatorium, but phylogenetic analyses in the late 20th century research indicated that that genus should be split, and the species was reclassified in Conoclinium.

Text from Wikipedia, “Conoclinium coelestinum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Conoclinium

Conoclinium, the mistflowers, is a genus of four species of herbaceous perennial flowering plants, native to North America. They are 0.5 to 2 metres tall, and have blue to purple or violet flowers.

Text from Wikipedia, “Conoclinium”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Asteraceae

Described by

(L.) DC.

Native to

Ontario, Illinois, Kansas +25

Wild records

1929 in range· 469 open

At a glance

Warmest month

31°C

Jul, mean day; nights 22 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

1204mm/yr

12 wet months · peak May 116 mm (CHELSA)

Light

14–40DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March to September and December in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 1204 mm a year, wettest May at 116 mm, driest February at 84 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 40 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -8.6 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Conoclinium colelestinum (L) DC; Conoclinium dichotomum Chapm.; Conoclinium flaccidum Greene; Conoclinium nepetaefolium Greene, 1901; Conoclinium nepetifolium Greene and 8 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (March to September and December in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (845 mm of 1204 mm) takes 8 months, March to September and December. Mean temperature moves 22.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: September to March and June.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1204 mm a year, wettest May at 116 mm, driest February at 84 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1204 mm a year at the habitat, 845 mm of it March to September and December. Wettest month May at 116 mm, driest February at 84 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1035 mm to 1528 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 40 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 11, the highest 90th-percentile month 42).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -8.6 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -8.6 °C, the absolute minimum -24.3 °C, about 63 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.6 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 0.4 °C in January (across the envelope cells -4.3 °C to 7.3 °C), warmest day 31.1 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -8.6 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 60% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 1488 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	9 / 4–17	12 / 6–18	16 / 11–22	21 / 17–26	25 / 22–29	29 / 26–32	31 / 28–33	30 / 28–34	27 / 24–31	22 / 18–26	16 / 12–21	10 / 5–17
Night °C	0 / -4–7	2 / -3–9	6 / 1–12	10 / 6–16	15 / 12–20	20 / 17–23	22 / 19–24	21 / 19–24	18 / 15–22	12 / 9–17	7 / 4–13	2 / -2–9
Rain mm	88 / 58–135	84 / 61–142	105 / 81–139	97 / 77–122	116 / 90–143	113 / 99–171	116 / 91–168	101 / 76–173	100 / 81–142	92 / 77–128	95 / 72–125	97 / 66–143
DLI	16 / 13–19	21 / 19–24	28 / 26–31	35 / 33–38	38 / 37–40	40 / 39–41	39 / 38–42	35 / 34–38	30 / 28–33	24 / 21–27	17 / 14–21	14 / 11–17
RH %	58 / 56–60	57 / 55–59	56 / 55–59	56 / 54–58	58 / 56–60	59 / 57–62	60 / 57–63	60 / 57–63	59 / 57–61	57 / 56–59	58 / 57–59	59 / 57–60

Each figure is the median across the 1488 grid cells holding the 1830 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1098:1896 (35.075, -85.175). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -24.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -8.6 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1488 distinct grid cells holding the 1830 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1098:1896 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.00_-85.000, lapse-corrected -59 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 223 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeOntario, Illinois, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Indiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Texas, Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Cuba· introduced: Germany, China South-Central, India

Kew's description“temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker38.982, -77.234 · in the densest population, 1070 records (55% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1929 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 469 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 5 km away. 8 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 99 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1929 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: (c) Alicia Ballard, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Joshua Soileau, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Gordon Larrivee, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Daniel McClosky, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Conoclinium coelestinum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Isolation and synthesis of two new flavones from Conoclinium coelestinum

Werner Herz, Seringolam V. Govindan, Ingrid Riess-Maurer, Bosiljka Kreil (1980) · Phytochemistry

External Flavonoids of 12 Species of North American Eupatorieae (Asteraceae)

Eckhard Wollenweber, Marion Dörr, Matthias Beyer, Edward E. Schilling (1996) · Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C

Phytochemical Profiling, GC-MS Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity of Polar Solvent Extracts of Conoclinium coelestinum Leaves

Odeghe, Onobrudu, Orororo, Ikoya (2025) · Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research

Phytochemical Profiling, GC-MS Analysis, and Antioxidant Activity of Polar Solvent Extracts of Conoclinium coelestinum Leaves

Othuke Bensandy Odeghe, Divine Avwerosuoghene Onobrudu, Osuvwe C. Orororo, Success Ikoya (2025) · Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research

NATIVE PLANT LANDSCAPING FOR POLLINATORS ON EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA SOLAR FARMS

Ashley M Dow (2019) · The Scholarship East Carolina University's Institutional Repository (East Carolina University)

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