Species
+

Cotinus coggygria Scop.

Dyer's Sumach, Eurasian Smoketree, European smoketree, European smoketree

Climate known 57 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Cotinus coggygria, syn. Rhus cotinus, the European smoketree, Eurasian smoketree, smoke tree, smoke bush, Venetian sumach, or dyer's sumach, is a Eurasian species of flowering plant in the family Anacardiaceae.

Text from Wikipedia, “Cotinus coggygria”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Cotinus

Cotinus, the smoketree or smoke bush, is a genus of seven species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, closely related to the sumacs (Rhus).

Text from Wikipedia, “Cotinus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Anacardiaceae
Described by
Scop.
Native to
Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary +28
Wild records
1731 in range· 1580 open

At a glance

Warmest month
25°C
Jul, mean day; nights 15 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
877mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Oct 93 mm (CHELSA)
Light
8–39DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to January and April to June in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 877 mm a year, wettest October at 93 mm, driest February at 54 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 39 mol/m²/day. Cold floor -5.2 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Cotinus arenaria (Wierzb. ex Engl.) F.A.Barkley; Cotinus cinerea (Engl.) F.A.Barkley; Cotinus coggygria f. atropurpureus (Burv.) Geerinck; Cotinus coggygria f. pendulus (Burv.) C.K.Schneid.; Cotinus coggygria f. purpureus (Dup.-Jam.) Rehder and 26 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (September to January and April to June in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (639 mm of 877 mm) takes 8 months, September to January and April to June. Mean temperature moves 17.6 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: March to July and October to December.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 877 mm a year, wettest October at 93 mm, driest February at 54 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

877 mm a year at the habitat, 639 mm of it September to January and April to June. Wettest month October at 93 mm, driest February at 54 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 640 mm to 1331 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 39 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 8 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 5, the highest 90th-percentile month 45).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor -5.2 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is -5.2 °C, the absolute minimum -14.6 °C, about 47 frost nights a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 36.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night -0.4 °C in January (across the envelope cells -5.3 °C to 2.8 °C), warmest day 24.9 °C in July (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: -5.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 57 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 6 °C in Jan to 25 °C in Jul; mean night from -0 °C in Jan to 15 °C in Jul. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 877 mm of rain a year, most in Oct. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 1457 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -14.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 36.7 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-20°-10°10°20°30°40°frost36.7° 99th-percentile day (undated)-14.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125150mm rainDLI 8–39RH 57–65 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 1457 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C6 / 2–98 / 4–1011 / 8–1414 / 12–1719 / 16–2122 / 20–2625 / 22–2925 / 22–2821 / 18–2416 / 14–1910 / 7–137 / 3–10
Night °C-0 / -5–30 / -5–33 / -1–55 / 3–810 / 7–1213 / 11–1615 / 13–1915 / 13–1912 / 10–159 / 6–114 / 0–71 / -4–4
Rain mm69 / 37–10854 / 35–9159 / 41–9974 / 45–11480 / 57–12869 / 46–11461 / 32–10664 / 41–11181 / 49–13393 / 47–14888 / 52–13785 / 48–129
DLI9 / 6–1315 / 11–1923 / 19–2731 / 28–3436 / 33–4039 / 35–4439 / 34–4534 / 30–3925 / 21–2916 / 13–2010 / 7–138 / 5–11
RH %64 / 58–6862 / 58–6560 / 57–6359 / 56–6159 / 56–6158 / 54–6157 / 53–6058 / 54–6160 / 57–6362 / 60–6565 / 60–6865 / 59–69

Each figure is the median across the 1457 grid cells holding the 1725 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 905:3701 (44.725, 5.075). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -14.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -5.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 36.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1457 distinct grid cells holding the 1725 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 905:3701 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 44.50_5.000, lapse-corrected -188 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 278 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAustria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Switzerland, France, Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Romania, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia, Krym, South European Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, North Caucasus, Transcaucasus, Iran, Lebanon-Syria, Turkey, China South-Central, China North-Central, China Southeast, Tibet, East Himalaya, Nepal, Pakistan, West Himalaya· introduced: Great Britain, Germany, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Korea, Ontario, Oregon, Illinois, Connecticut, Indiana, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Utah, Maryland
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker44.441, 5.702 · in the densest population, 437 records (25% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1731 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 1580 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 69 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 6 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1731 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Cotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygriaCotinus coggygria

Photographs: (c) Oleksandr Shynder, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Максим Шумских, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Grzegorz Grzejszczak, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); no rights reserved · CC0 (2); (c) Andrea Mologni, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA).

Photographs: iNaturalist and Wikimedia Commons did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Cotinus coggygria, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Effect of drought and ABA on growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant system of Cotinus coggygria seedlings under two different light conditions
Yan Li, Hongxia Zhao, Baoli Duan, Helena Korpelainen (2010) · Environmental and Experimental Botany
Activity-Guided Isolation of Antioxidative Constituents ofCotinuscoggygria
Hans E. Westenburg, Kon-Joo Lee, Sang Kook Lee, Harry H. S. Fong (2000) · Journal of Natural Products
Fisetin Inhibits Hyperglycemia-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Production by Epigenetic Mechanisms
Hye Joo Kim, Seong Hwan Kim, Jung‐Mi Yun (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
In Vitro Anticancer and Cytotoxic Activities of Some Plant Extracts on HeLa and Vero Cell Lines
Fulya Tuğba Artun, Ali Karagöz, Gul Sinemcan Ozcan, Gülay Melikoğlu (2017)
In vitrocytotoxic and antioxidative activity ofCornus masandCotinus coggygria
Katarina Šavikin, Gordana Zdunić, Teodora Janković, Tatjana Stanojković (2009) · Natural Product Research
Phytochemical analysis of young fustic (Cotinus coggygria heartwood) and identification of isolated colourants in historical textiles
Lemonia Valianou, Κωνσταντίνα Σταθοπούλου, Ioannis Karapanagiotis, Prokopios Magiatis (2009) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
Cotinus coggygria Scop.: An overview of its chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological potential
Sanja Matić, Snežana Stanić, Mirjana Mihailović, Desanka Bogojević (2015) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
Methanol extract from the stem of Cotinus coggygria Scop., and its major bioactive phytochemical constituent myricetin modulate pyrogallol-induced DNA damage and liver injury
Sanja Matić, Snežana Stanić, Desanka Bogojević, Melita Vidaković (2013) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory activity of young shoots of the smoke tree, Cotinus coggygria Scop
Mirjana Marčetić, Dragana D. Božić, Marina Milenković, Nevenka Malešević (2012) · Phytotherapy Research
Water relations and hydraulic characteristics of three woody species co-occurring in the same habitat
Andrea Nardini, Sebastiano Salleo, Patrizia Trifil�, Maria A. Lo Gullo (2003) · Annals of Forest Science

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Cotinus 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 84 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.