Crassula ovata (Mill.) Druce
Jade plant, Japanese rubberplant, Japanese-laurel, Kerky-bush (EN); Geldbaum (DE); Crasula de plata (ES)
Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.
Summary
Crassula ovata, commonly known as jade plant, lucky plant, money plant or money tree, is a succulent plant with small pink or white flowers that is native to the KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape provinces of South Africa, and Mozambique; it is common as a houseplant worldwide. Much of its popularity stems from the low levels of care needed; the jade plant requires little water and can survive in most indoor conditions. It is sometimes referred to as the money tree; however, Pachira aquatica also has this nickname.
Text from Wikipedia, “Crassula ovata”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.
About the genus · Crassula
Crassula is a genus of succulent plants containing about 200 accepted species, including the popular jade plant. They are members of the stonecrop family (Crassulaceae) and are native to many parts of the globe, but cultivated varieties originate almost exclusively from species from the Eastern Cape of South Africa.
Text from Wikipedia, “Crassula”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.
At a glance
Also known as Cotyledon lutea Lam.; Cotyledon ovata Mill.; Crassula arborescens Keissl.; Crassula argentea Thunb.; Crassula articulata Zuccagni and 8 more.
Cultivation
Grouped as a cactus or succulent by the genus Crassula, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.
Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, April to October in the northern hemisphere (October to April at the habitat, southern).
This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.
The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (360 mm of 502 mm) falls in October to April, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 19.7 °C against a yearly mean of 17.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: April to October.
Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.
Rain Habitat rain 502 mm a year, wettest November at 58 mm, driest June at 23 mm (habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
502 mm a year at the habitat, 360 mm of it October to April. Wettest month November at 58 mm, driest June at 23 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 372 mm to 908 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, southern hemisphere).
CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.
Light Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 46 mol/m²/day.
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 52).
CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.
Warmth and air Cold floor 3.4 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
This species’ habitat figures, with their source.
Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 3.4 °C, the absolute minimum 0.2 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.5 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 7.1 °C in July (across the envelope cells 4.0 °C to 11.6 °C), warmest day 26.9 °C in January (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).
NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.
Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 60% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.
CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.
The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.
Climate across the habitat
Figures by month
| Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day °C | 27 / 24–30 | 27 / 24–30 | 26 / 23–28 | 24 / 21–25 | 22 / 18–23 | 19 / 16–21 | 19 / 15–21 | 20 / 16–22 | 22 / 17–24 | 23 / 20–25 | 24 / 21–27 | 26 / 23–28 |
| Night °C | 16 / 14–19 | 17 / 15–19 | 16 / 13–18 | 13 / 11–16 | 10 / 8–14 | 8 / 5–12 | 7 / 4–12 | 8 / 6–12 | 10 / 8–13 | 12 / 9–14 | 13 / 11–16 | 15 / 13–17 |
| Rain mm | 49 / 27–126 | 47 / 25–108 | 56 / 35–92 | 42 / 33–67 | 25 / 15–93 | 23 / 11–120 | 24 / 10–131 | 37 / 16–101 | 33 / 18–72 | 57 / 37–85 | 58 / 34–106 | 51 / 31–122 |
| DLI | 45 / 38–52 | 40 / 36–46 | 34 / 31–38 | 26 / 25–30 | 21 / 19–26 | 18 / 16–23 | 20 / 18–24 | 24 / 23–29 | 31 / 30–36 | 37 / 32–41 | 43 / 36–49 | 46 / 38–52 |
| RH % | 59 / 55–64 | 60 / 56–64 | 60 / 56–64 | 59 / 54–63 | 55 / 51–61 | 53 / 50–59 | 53 / 49–59 | 55 / 48–60 | 57 / 49–61 | 58 / 53–62 | 59 / 55–63 | 59 / 55–63 |
Each figure is the median across the 294 grid cells holding the 639 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 2464:4132 (-33.225, 26.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.2 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 294 distinct grid cells holding the 639 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2464:4132 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -33.00_26.875, lapse-corrected -1 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 503 m (cell mean).
Natural habitat
Photographs
Photographs: (c) Nicola van Berkel, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4); (c) Tony Rebelo, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4).
Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.
Papers naming this species
Works whose title or abstract names Crassula ovata, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.
Related
Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.
Ceropegia africana Apocynaceae
Cotyledon velutina Velvet Cotyledon
Haworthia angustifolia Asphodelaceae
Lachenalia bowkeri Asparagaceae
Pachypodium bispinosum Apocynaceae
Aloe ferox Cape AloeOther Crassula 207 in the reference
Crassula acinaciformis Giant Crassula
Crassula alata Three-parted Crassula
Crassula alba grassland red crassula Crassula alcicornis Antler-leaf Crassula
Crassula alpestris Sand-coated Crassula
Crassula alsinoides Crassulaceae
Crassula alstonii Crassulaceae
Crassula alticola Crassulaceae
Crassula ammophila Crassulaceae
Crassula ankaratrensis Crassulaceae
Crassula anso-lerouxiae Crassulaceae
Crassula aphylla Vernal Pool Stonecrop all 208 ›History & registers
Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)wcvp.distribution answeredgbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zamclimate answeredwikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skippedinat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skippedinat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)gbif.media answeredopenalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skippedEvery upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 60 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.