Species
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Crataegus mexicana Moc. & Sessé ex DC.

Mexican hawthorn, manzanita tejocotera, pëdyi, tejocote

Climate known 67 photographs
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Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Crataegus mexicana is a species of hawthorn known by the common names tejocote, manzanita, tejocotera and Mexican hawthorn. It is native to the mountains of Mexico and parts of Guatemala, and has been introduced in the Andes. The fruit of this species is one of the most useful among hawthorns.

Text from Wikipedia, “Crataegus mexicana”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Crataegus

Crataegus, commonly called hawthorn, quickthorn, thornapple, May-tree, whitethorn, Mayflower or hawberry, is a genus of several hundred species of shrubs and trees in the family Rosaceae, native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Europe, Asia, North Africa and North America. The name "hawthorn" was originally applied to the species native to northern Europe, especially the common hawthorn C. monogyna, and the unmodified name is often so used in Britain and Ireland. The name is now also applied to the entire genus and to the related Asian genus Rhaphiolepis.

Text from Wikipedia, “Crataegus”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Rosaceae
Described by
Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
Native to
Mexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf +4
Wild records
1084 in range· 538 open

At a glance

Warmest month
24°C
Apr, mean day; nights 9 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1009mm/yr
7 wet months · peak Jul 214 mm (CHELSA)
Light
30–46DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 1009 mm a year, wettest July at 214 mm, driest December at 10 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 46 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 2.3 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Anthomeles stipulosa (Kunth) M.Roem.; Anthomeles subserrata (Benth.) M.Roem.; Crataegus loddigesiana K.Koch; Crataegus mexicana D.Don; Crataegus mexicana var. microsperma Eggl. and 10 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (768 mm of 1009 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 16.3 °C against a yearly mean of 15.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1009 mm a year, wettest July at 214 mm, driest December at 10 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1009 mm a year at the habitat, 768 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 214 mm, driest December at 10 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 635 mm to 1700 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 46 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 30 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 25, the highest 90th-percentile month 48).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 2.3 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 2.3 °C, the absolute minimum -1.8 °C, 22 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 32.1 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 5.4 °C in January (across the envelope cells 2.7 °C to 8.5 °C), warmest day 23.6 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 2.3 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 49 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 19 °C in Jan to 24 °C in Apr; mean night from 5 °C in Jan to 12 °C in Jun. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1009 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 552 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -1.8 °C and the 99th-percentile day 32.1 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-10°10°20°30°40°frost32.1° 99th-percentile day (undated)-1.8° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 30–46RH 49–67 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 552 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C19 / 16–2120 / 17–2322 / 19–2524 / 21–2724 / 21–2722 / 19–2520 / 18–2320 / 18–2320 / 17–2220 / 17–2219 / 17–2219 / 16–21
Night °C5 / 3–96 / 3–97 / 5–109 / 7–1211 / 8–1412 / 9–1511 / 9–1411 / 9–1411 / 9–1410 / 7–137 / 5–116 / 4–9
Rain mm19 / 10–4015 / 10–3212 / 7–3128 / 9–6261 / 36–126176 / 103–302214 / 113–318198 / 103–302180 / 106–31577 / 49–16819 / 11–6410 / 6–43
DLI32 / 27–3438 / 31–3944 / 37–4546 / 40–4844 / 40–4738 / 33–4136 / 32–4036 / 32–3932 / 29–3532 / 29–3532 / 28–3430 / 25–32
RH %53 / 50–6251 / 48–6049 / 45–5950 / 44–5954 / 50–6363 / 58–6865 / 61–6966 / 61–6967 / 62–7162 / 59–6857 / 53–6554 / 51–62

Each figure is the median across the 552 grid cells holding the 1065 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1414:1618 (19.275, -99.075). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -1.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 2.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 32.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 552 distinct grid cells holding the 1065 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1414:1618 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_-99.375, lapse-corrected -393 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 2234 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Central, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Northwest, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Guatemala· introduced: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Ecuador
Kew's description“tree” · “subtropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker19.349, -99.178 · in the densest population, 541 records (50% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 1084 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 538 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 154 km away. 74 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 19 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1084 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Crataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicanaCrataegus mexicana

Photographs: (c) Juan Carlos Pérez Magaña, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (4); (c) Juan Rafael Rodríguez Razgado, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Oscar Israel Rodríguez Ortiz, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Grete Pasch, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Crataegus mexicana, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Frugivorous birds, host selection and the mistletoe Psittacanthus schiedeanus, in central Veracruz, Mexico
Lorena López de Buen, Juan Francisco Ornelas (1999) · Journal of Tropical Ecology
Photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes in water using semiconductor ZnO nanoparticles synthesized using Crataegus mexicana extract
F.A. Barrios-Navarro, Alfredo R. Vilchis-Néstor, P.A. Luque (2024) · Materials Chemistry and Physics
Occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi in tejocote (Crataegus mexicana) orchard soils and their pathogenicity againstRhagoletis pomonella
Érica Muñíz-Reyes, Ariel W. Guzmán‐Franco, Julio Sánchez Escudero, R. Nieto-Ángel (2014) · Journal of Applied Microbiology
Relaxant Effect of the Extracts of Crataegus mexicana on Guinea Pig Tracheal Smooth Muscle
Jesús Arrieta, Diana Siles-Barrios, Julio García-Sánchez, Benito Reyes‐Trejo (2010) · Pharmacognosy Journal
Antifungal Screening of Plants of the State of Morelos, Mexico Against Four Fungal Postharvest Pathogens of Fruits and Vegetables
Silvia Bautista‐Baños, Mónica Hernández‐López, Laura Leticia Barrera‐Necha (2000) · Revista mexicana de fitopatología(en línea)/Revista mexicana de fitopatología
Crataegus mexicana (Tejocote) Exposure Associated with Cardiotoxicity and a Falsely Elevated Digoxin Level
Katherine G. Palmer, Jacob A. Lebin, Michael Cronin, Suzan Mazor (2019) · Journal of Medical Toxicology
Screening for antibacterial and antiprotozoal activities of crude extracts derived from Mexican medicinal plants
María del Rayo Camacho‐Corona, Abraham García, BD Mata-Cardenas, Elvira Garza‐González (2015) · African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines
Phytochemical composition and immunobiological activity of Hawthorn Crataegus mexicana nanoencapsulated in Longfin yellowtail Seriola rivoliana leukocytes
Martha Reyes‐Becerril, Alma H. Martínez-Preciado, Crystal Guluarte, Kevyn Guerra (2019) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology
Effect of blue and UV-C irradiation on antioxidant compounds during storage of Hawthorn ( Crataegus mexicana )
Raúl Ávila-Sosa, E. Ávila-Crisóstomo, E.A. Reyes-Arcos, Teresa Soledad Cid-Pérez (2017) · Scientia Horticulturae
Development of a quantified herbal extract of hawthorn Crataegus mexicana leaves with vasodilator effect
Christian Ornelas-Lim, Francisco J. Luna‐Vázquez, Alejandra Rojas‐Molina, César Ibarra‐Alvarado (2021) · Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal
What do monarchs feed on in winter? Nectar sources at hibernation sites
Nancy Sánchez-Tlacuahuac, José Luis Pimentel Equíhua, Vicente Espinosa-Hernández, Heike Vibrans (2022) · Journal of Insect Conservation

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Crataegus 5 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive)
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-20 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-20; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 59 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.