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Cymbopogon schoenanthus; photograph (c) Joey Bom, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Joey Bom, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2025-05-30

Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng.

Camel grass; Geranium grass; Fever grass

Poaceae · Algeria, Egypt +30

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Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph (c) Karim Haddad, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph (c) Karim Haddad, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph (c) Karim Haddad, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph (c) Joey Bom, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph (c) Mehdi Chetibi, some rights reserved (CC BY)Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph (c) Mehdi Chetibi, some rights reserved (CC BY) 13 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.0°C
Record low 5.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
40°C
May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
246mm
3 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
36–48DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes July to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Cymbopogon schoenanthus, the camel grass, camel's hay, straw of Mecca, fever grass, geranium grass, or West Indian lemon grass, is a herbal plant of Southern Asia and Northern Africa, with fragrant foliage.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Cymbopogon schoenanthus", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (216 mm of 254 mm) falls in July to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 29.4 °C against a yearly mean of 28.1 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: January to March.

Rain

254 mm in the median year at the habitat, 216 mm of it July to September. Wettest month August at 99 mm, driest months (4 at 0 mm); 6 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 60 mm to 838 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 246 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 254 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 36 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 31, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.0 °C, the absolute minimum 5.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 44.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 8.4 °C to 18.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 39.6 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 31 to 56% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +21 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Cymbopogon schoenanthus through the yearWarmest month May, mean daily high 40 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 14.0 °C; 254 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°44.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER5.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 36–48RH 31–56%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 463 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C28 / 22–3331 / 25–3635 / 29–3839 / 32–4040 / 33–4139 / 33–4135 / 30–4034 / 29–3936 / 29–3936 / 30–3833 / 27–3630 / 23–34
Night °C14 / 8–1916 / 10–2020 / 14–2323 / 18–2626 / 21–2726 / 22–2825 / 21–2724 / 21–2624 / 21–2623 / 18–2419 / 13–2115 / 9–19
Rain mm0 / 0–20 / 0–31 / 0–142 / 0–348 / 2–7419 / 4–12075 / 8–18299 / 16–23742 / 8–1508 / 1–420 / 0–60 / 0–2
DLI37 / 33–3941 / 38–4244 / 42–4648 / 42–4947 / 41–4945 / 38–4942 / 34–4841 / 31–4641 / 35–4440 / 37–4339 / 35–4036 / 31–37
RH %35 / 33–3932 / 30–3731 / 29–4231 / 28–4937 / 31–5443 / 33–5852 / 36–6356 / 39–6650 / 36–6539 / 34–5735 / 33–4635 / 34–40
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 463 grid cells holding the 533 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1477:3468 (16.125, -6.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 5.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 44.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 463 distinct grid cells holding 533 of the 533 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1477:3468 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 16.00_-6.875, lapse-corrected +21 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 313 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAlgeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Western Sahara, Benin, Burkina, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Central African Republic, Chad, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Iran, Palestine, Sinai, Gulf States, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Yemen · introduced: Réunion · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker12.5, 0.417 · in the densest population, 230 records (19% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “desert or dry shrubland” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1199 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 533 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 1172 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 31 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 666 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1199 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Cymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph 1did not loadCymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph 2did not loadCymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph 3did not loadCymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph 4did not loadCymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph 5did not loadCymbopogon schoenanthus, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Karim Haddad, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Joey Bom, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Mehdi Chetibi, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Sesamum alatum Sesamum alatum Wing-Seeded Sesame Photo: CC0, author not statedCommiphora africana Commiphora africana Hairy Corkwood Photo: CC BY, i_c_riddellSenegalia laeta Senegalia laeta Fabaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Marco SchmidtUrochloa ramosa Urochloa ramosa Browntop millet Photo: CC BY, Kevin FaccendaCordia sinensis Cordia sinensis Grey-Leaved Cordia Photo: CC BY-SA, Chaym TurakMonsonia senegalensis Monsonia senegalensis Geraniaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Cymbopogon 7 in the reference

Cymbopogon ambiguus Cymbopogon ambiguus Lemon Grass Photo: CC BY, Kym NicolsonCymbopogon citratus Cymbopogon citratus Lemon grass Photo: CC BY, Guillaume DelaitreCymbopogon flexuosus Cymbopogon flexuosus Cochin lemongrass Photo: CC BY, Patricia RoseCymbopogon nardus Cymbopogon nardus Citronella grass Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloCymbopogon refractus Cymbopogon refractus Barbwire grass Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyCymbopogon tortilis Cymbopogon tortilis Poaceae Photo: CC BY, Francisca WuCymbopogon winterianus Cymbopogon winterianus Cymbopogon grass Photo: CC BY-SA, Leoadec

Names & registers

Also known as Andropogon lanigerum; Andropogon nardus; Andropogon schoenanthus; Cymbopogon citriodorus; Cymbopogon martini and 2 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Poaceae
Described by
(L.) Spreng.
Native to
Algeria, Egypt, Libya +29
Wild records
1199 in range · 1172 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 16.00_-6.875, lapse-corrected +21 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 60 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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