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Dactylorhiza aristata; photograph (c) ITÔ, Hiroki, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) ITÔ, Hiroki, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2017-06-07

Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó

Key Flower; Fischer's Orchid; Spiked dactylorhiza

Orchidaceae · Kamchatka, Khabarovsk +8

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Dactylorhiza aristata, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedDactylorhiza aristata, photograph (c) Nikita Lavrenov, some rights reserved (CC BY)Dactylorhiza aristata, photograph (c) Nikita Lavrenov, some rights reserved (CC BY)Dactylorhiza aristata, photograph (c) Nikita Lavrenov, some rights reserved (CC BY)Dactylorhiza aristata, photograph (c) Timur Kalininsky, some rights reserved (CC BY)Dactylorhiza aristata, photograph (c) Timur Kalininsky, some rights reserved (CC BY) 62 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-17.9°C
Record low -24.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
16°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,527mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
5–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Dactylorhiza aristata, the keyflower, is a species of orchid. It is native to Japan, Korea, northeastern China (Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Shanxi), the Russian Far East, and Alaska (including the Aleutians).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Dactylorhiza aristata", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,120 mm of 1,494 mm) takes 8 months, July to January and March. Mean temperature moves 20.8 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: January to July and September.

Rain

1,494 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,120 mm of it July to January and March. Wettest month October at 189 mm, driest month June at 87 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,026 mm to 2,754 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,527 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,494 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 5 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 3, the highest 90th-percentile month 38).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -17.9 °C, the absolute minimum -24.6 °C, 7,195 frost nights in 44 years, 163.5 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 29.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -11.9 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -19.3 °C to -1.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 16.0 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -17.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 63 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -79 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Dactylorhiza aristata through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 16 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -11.9 °C; 1,494 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost29.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-24.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 5–34RH 63–69%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 418 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-6 / -13–1-5 / -11–1-2 / -6–22 / 0–76 / 3–1312 / 6–1716 / 9–2016 / 11–2213 / 9–177 / 3–122 / -5–6-3 / -11–2
Night °C-12 / -19–-2-11 / -18–-2-8 / -13–-1-2 / -7–12 / -2–46 / 4–910 / 7–1310 / 8–158 / 4–133 / -2–8-3 / -11–3-9 / -18–-1
Rain mm117 / 55–24596 / 42–19097 / 56–19997 / 59–18494 / 60–21487 / 62–249112 / 81–301158 / 121–284169 / 123–330189 / 118–278157 / 97–261121 / 66–263
DLI7 / 4–1514 / 9–2123 / 17–2832 / 25–3434 / 29–3833 / 29–3630 / 25–3226 / 21–3021 / 17–2513 / 11–208 / 5–155 / 3–14
RH %64 / 58–7064 / 60–6963 / 59–6663 / 59–6764 / 60–7166 / 63–7669 / 65–7968 / 65–7766 / 63–7063 / 60–6863 / 58–6964 / 58–71
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 418 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (790 records in those cells; 11 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 905:6444 (44.725, 142.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -24.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -17.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 29.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 418 distinct grid cells holding 790 of the 805 in-range records (11 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 905:6444 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 44.50_142.500, lapse-corrected -79 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 185 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeKamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Sakhalin, China North-Central, China Southeast, Japan, Korea, Aleutian Is., Alaska · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker53.058, 158.632 · in the densest population, 293 records (23% of those in range)
Kew's description“tuberous geophyte” · “subalpine or subarctic” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1265 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 790 of them in the land cells it reads, of 805 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 651 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2429 km away. 14 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 460 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 2810816 (Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) SoÃ): Kew's file holds it as Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó (accepted); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 1265 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Dactylorhiza aristata, photograph 1did not loadDactylorhiza aristata, photograph 2did not loadDactylorhiza aristata, photograph 3did not loadDactylorhiza aristata, photograph 4did not loadDactylorhiza aristata, photograph 5did not loadDactylorhiza aristata, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0; (c) Nikita Lavrenov, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Timur Kalininsky, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Parasenecio kamtschaticus Parasenecio kamtschaticus Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Nikita LavrenovJacobaea pseudoarnica Jacobaea pseudoarnica Seaside ragwort Photo: CC0, Игорь ЗагребинHypericum kamtschaticum Hypericum kamtschaticum Kamchatka St. Johnswort Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоUrtica platyphylla Urtica platyphylla Japanese Nettle Photo: CC BY, АртёмFilipendula camtschatica Filipendula camtschatica Giant meadowsweet Photo: CC0, author not statedBetula michauxii Betula michauxii Newfoundland dwarf birch Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Dactylorhiza 11 in the reference

Dactylorhiza elata Dactylorhiza elata Stately Dactylorhiza Photo: CC BY, Jens-Christian SvenningDactylorhiza foliosa Dactylorhiza foliosa Richly-Leaved Dactylorhiza Photo: CC BY, Paul Dufour Dactylorhiza fuchsii Orchidaceae Dactylorhiza incarnata Dactylorhiza incarnata Early marsh-orchid Photo: CC BY-SA, Nicholas WeiDactylorhiza maculata Dactylorhiza maculata Heath spotted-orchid Photo: CC BY, Anwen EvansDactylorhiza majalis Dactylorhiza majalis Marsh orchid Photo: CC BY, Katrin SimonDactylorhiza purpurella Dactylorhiza purpurella Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Andrew CurtisDactylorhiza romana Dactylorhiza romana Roman Orchid Photo: CC0, author not statedDactylorhiza sambucina Dactylorhiza sambucina Elder-flowered Orchid Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldDactylorhiza urvilleana Dactylorhiza urvilleana Urville’s Marsh Orchid Photo: CC BY, Yannick BrenzDactylorhiza viridis Dactylorhiza viridis Frog orchid Photo: CC BY, Antoine Thivolle

Names & registers

Also known as Dactylorhiza aristata f. alba; Dactylorhiza aristata f. albomaculata; Dactylorhiza aristata f. perbracteata; Dactylorhiza aristata f. rosea; Dactylorhiza aristata var. aristata and 10 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Orchidaceae
Described by
(Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó
Native to
Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is. +7
Wild records
1265 in range · 651 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 0 records of GBIF's key 2810816, Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soà (Kew's file holds it as Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó (accepted)): GBIF occurrence search API; 7 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (4 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 44.50_142.500, lapse-corrected -79 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by its label; its IPNI identifier 30032967-2 is Kew's for Dactylorhiza aristata (Fisch. ex Lindl.) Soó
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 53 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

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