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Daphne kurdica; photograph Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF CC BYJacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF

Daphne kurdica (Bornm.) Bornm.

Thymelaeaceae · Iran, Turkey

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Daphne kurdica, photograph Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFDaphne kurdica, photograph Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFDaphne kurdica, photograph Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFDaphne kurdica, photograph Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF 5 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-11.2°C
Record low -23.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
422mm
9 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
14–46DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes February to June and November to December, with nights below freezing; no growing season read. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 8 records in 7 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Daphne kurdica is a species of flowering plant in the family Thymelaeaceae, native to Iran and Turkey. It was first described by Josheph Bornmüller in 1909 as Daphne oleoides var. kurdica. Bornmüller later raised in to a subspecies and then in 1916 to a full species.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Daphne kurdica", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Daphne

Daphne, a figure in Greek mythology, was in various retellings a mortal woman or a nymph, daughter of a river god. The god Apollo fell in love with Daphne and chased her against her wishes, but before he caught her, Daphne prayed for escape, and was transformed into a laurel tree. Thenceforth Apollo developed a special reverence for laurel.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Daphne", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season and no growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (323 mm of 437 mm) falls in February to June and November to December, the cooler part of the year, but the mean nightly low is below freezing in March, April, December and January, so the rule reads no growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: May to June and August to December.

Rain

437 mm in the median year at the habitat, 323 mm of it February to June and November to December. Wettest month April at 69 mm, driest month August at 13 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 370 mm to 850 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 422 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 437 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 14 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 12, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -11.2 °C, the absolute minimum -23.9 °C, 5,142 frost nights in 44 years, 116.9 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.1 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -9.4 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -14.0 °C to -7.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 29.7 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -11.2 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 49 to 60% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +16 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 8 records in 7 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Daphne kurdica through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -9.4 °C; 437 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-40°-20°0°20°40°frost38.1° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-23.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125mm rainDLI 14–46RH 49–60%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 7 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C1 / -5–22 / -4–48 / 2–915 / 8–1620 / 14–2126 / 19–2730 / 23–3130 / 23–3125 / 18–2618 / 11–199 / 3–103 / -3–4
Night °C-9 / -14–-8-7 / -13–-6-3 / -8–-23 / -2–47 / 2–911 / 7–1414 / 11–1815 / 11–1811 / 7–136 / 1–7-1 / -6–0-7 / -12–-5
Rain mm34 / 30–5537 / 33–6246 / 43–7569 / 56–10859 / 48–11635 / 27–9019 / 13–6913 / 7–4914 / 10–3634 / 31–7039 / 36–6538 / 29–56
DLI16 / 14–1923 / 21–2532 / 29–3238 / 36–3842 / 41–4346 / 46–4846 / 45–4943 / 41–4536 / 32–3725 / 23–2717 / 15–1914 / 12–16
RH %59 / 56–6359 / 56–6357 / 55–6055 / 54–6054 / 52–5950 / 49–5550 / 47–5549 / 46–5449 / 47–5253 / 51–5759 / 56–5960 / 58–63
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 7 grid cells holding the 8 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1005:4504 (39.725, 45.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -23.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -11.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.1 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 7 distinct grid cells holding 8 of the 8 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1005:4504 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 39.50_45.000, lapse-corrected +16 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1324 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeIran, Turkey · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker39.696, 45.289 · in the densest population, 21 records (81% of those in range)
Kew's description“subshrub or shrub” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 26 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 8 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 20 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 54 km away. 10 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 18 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 26 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Daphne kurdica, photograph 1did not loadDaphne kurdica, photograph 2did not loadDaphne kurdica, photograph 3did not loadDaphne kurdica, photograph 4did not load

Photographs: Jacek Pietruszewski, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Papaver macrostomum Papaver macrostomum Papaveraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizIris lycotis Iris lycotis Iridaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, C T JohanssonOnosma sericea Onosma sericea Boraginaceae Photo: CC BY, Denys VynokurovIris iberica Iris iberica Iberian Flag Photo: CC0, author not statedScutellaria comosa Scutellaria comosa Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Andrew BazdyrevAethionema arabicum Aethionema arabicum Brassicaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Daphne 44 in the reference

Daphne acutiloba Daphne acutiloba Thymelaeaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizDaphne alpina Daphne alpina Alpine daphne Photo: CC BY, mycorocoDaphne altaica Daphne altaica Altai mezereon Photo: CC BY, Yeskendir SatekovDaphne arbuscula Daphne arbuscula Thymelaeaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, ghislain118…Daphne arisanensis Daphne arisanensis Thymelaeaceae Photo: CC BY, 槲蕨MiuDaphne aurantiaca Daphne aurantiaca Thymelaeaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, C T JohanssonDaphne bholua Daphne bholua Lokta Photo: CC BY, Barry StewartDaphne blagayana Daphne blagayana Balkan daphne Photo: CC BY-SA, xulescu_gDaphne caucasica Daphne caucasica Caucasian daphne Photo: CC BY-SA, Sten PorseDaphne cneorum Daphne cneorum Garland-flower Photo: CC BY, Antoine ThivolleDaphne domini Daphne domini Thymelaeaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Gerhard BuzasDaphne gemmata Daphne gemmata Thymelaeaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, 阿橋 HQ all 45 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Daphne oleoides subsp. kurdica; Daphne oleoides subsp. transcaucasica; Daphne oleoides var. kurdica. (GBIF Backbone)

Kew accepts as species of their own Daphne transcaucasica: older names in GBIF's record of this species that Kew's World Checklist accepts as other species. (WCVP, RBG Kew, file of 2026-06-04)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipedia

The record

Family
Thymelaeaceae
Described by
(Bornm.) Bornm.
Native to
Iran, Turkey
Wild records
26 in range · 20 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 39.50_45.000, lapse-corrected +16 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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