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Dennstaedtia bipinnata; photograph Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons CC0Daderot, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons

Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon

Dennstaedtiaceae · Florida, Mexico Northeast +15

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Dennstaedtia bipinnata, photograph homeredwardprice, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsDennstaedtia bipinnata, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsDennstaedtia bipinnata, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 4 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
9.8°C
Record low -1.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
27°C
May at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,948mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
24–40DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to November (the habitat's months, not shifted), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Dennstaedtia bipinnata common names the cuplet fern, cuplet hay-scented fern is a species of fern in the family Dennstaedtiaceae.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Dennstaedtia bipinnata", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,424 mm of 1,936 mm) falls in June to November, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 22.5 °C against a yearly mean of 21.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

1,936 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,424 mm of it June to November. Wettest month September at 325 mm, driest month March at 62 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,341 mm to 3,374 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,948 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,936 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 24 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 20, the highest 90th-percentile month 43).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 9.8 °C, the absolute minimum -1.0 °C, 1 frost night in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 37.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.8 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 9.0 °C to 19.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 26.9 °C in May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 9.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 64 to 70% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -223 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Dennstaedtia bipinnata through the yearWarmest month May, mean daily high 27 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 14.8 °C; 1,936 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost37.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-1.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 24–40RH 64–70%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 61 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C22 / 18–2623 / 20–2625 / 22–2826 / 23–2927 / 24–3026 / 22–2926 / 22–3026 / 22–3026 / 21–2925 / 21–2824 / 20–2622 / 18–26
Night °C15 / 9–1916 / 10–1917 / 12–2019 / 14–2120 / 15–2220 / 16–2320 / 15–2320 / 15–2320 / 15–2319 / 14–2217 / 11–2116 / 10–20
Rain mm76 / 31–16070 / 30–11662 / 30–11183 / 51–178125 / 87–306231 / 139–405243 / 129–456236 / 160–482325 / 201–603238 / 129–496151 / 51–33096 / 36–251
DLI25 / 22–3229 / 26–3636 / 32–4040 / 36–4240 / 36–4336 / 31–4236 / 32–4236 / 32–4131 / 28–3729 / 26–3326 / 24–3024 / 20–29
RH %68 / 60–7166 / 60–6964 / 59–6764 / 59–6766 / 61–7069 / 64–7269 / 64–7369 / 64–7370 / 66–7469 / 65–7468 / 64–7368 / 61–71
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 61 grid cells holding the 74 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1401:1663 (19.925, -96.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -1.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 9.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 37.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 61 distinct grid cells holding 74 of the 74 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1401:1663 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 20.00_-96.875, lapse-corrected -223 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 375 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 12176864 (Mucura bipinnata (Cav.) L.A.Triana & Sundue, 726 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeFlorida, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Mexico Southeast, Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Puerto Rico · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker9.787, -83.547 · in the densest population, 121 records (38% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 316 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 74 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 258 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 103 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 242 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 12176864 (Mucura bipinnata (Cav.) L.A.Triana & Sundue): Kew's file holds it as Mucura bipinnata (Cav.) L.A.Triana & Sundue (synonym under Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon); 726 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 316 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Dennstaedtia bipinnata, photograph 1did not loadDennstaedtia bipinnata, photograph 2did not loadDennstaedtia bipinnata, photograph 3did not load

Photographs: homeredwardprice, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Tabernaemontana litoralis Tabernaemontana litoralis Milkwood Photo: CC BY, Luis G RestrepoMagnolia mexicana Magnolia mexicana Magnoliaceae Photo: CC BY, Tenoch Cuauhtémoc PerezRuellia jussieuoides Ruellia jussieuoides Acanthaceae Photo: CC BY, André AmbrozioAechmea lueddemanniana Aechmea lueddemanniana Bromeliaceae Photo: CC BY, Juan Cruzado CortésAlchornea latifolia Alchornea latifolia Achiotillo Photo: CC BY, Alexis López HernándezPassiflora helleri Passiflora helleri Passifloraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Golik

Other Dennstaedtia 15 in the reference

Dennstaedtia cicutaria Dennstaedtia cicutaria Tropical hayscented fern Photo: CC BY-SA, Trap HersDennstaedtia davallioides Dennstaedtia davallioides Lacy ground fern Photo: CC BY, Leon PerrieDennstaedtia globulifera Dennstaedtia globulifera Dennstaedtiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, David J. StangDennstaedtia hirsuta Dennstaedtia hirsuta Dennstaedtiaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Keisotyo Dennstaedtia hookeriana Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia marginata Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia nepalensis Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia novae-zelandiae Dennstaedtia novae-zelandiae Dennstaedtiaceae Photo: CC BY, Corin Dennstaedtia platyphylla Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia punctilobula Dennstaedtiaceae Dennstaedtia scandens Dennstaedtia scandens Dennstaedtiaceae Photo: CC BY, Yinling Chen Dennstaedtia setosa Dennstaedtiaceae all 16 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Dennstaedtia adiantoides; Dicksonia adiantoides; Dicksonia apiifolia; Dicksonia bipinnata; Dicksonia globuligera and 4 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFOWikipedia

The record

Family
Dennstaedtiaceae
Described by
(Cav.) Maxon
Native to
Florida, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf +14
Wild records
316 in range · 258 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon (plant_name_id 3143697), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 726 records of GBIF's key 12176864, Mucura bipinnata (Cav.) L.A.Triana & Sundue (Kew's file holds it as Mucura bipinnata (Cav.) L.A.Triana & Sundue (synonym under Dennstaedtia bipinnata (Cav.) Maxon)): the GBIF download; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 20.00_-96.875, lapse-corrected -223 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 77883-2, POWO 77883-2
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 65 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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