Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Echinopsis pentlandii; photograph Pete Cupial-Jones, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SAPete Cupial-Jones, CC BY-SA 2.5, via Wikimedia Commons

Echinopsis pentlandii (Hook.) Salm-Dyck ex A.Dietr.

Cactaceae · Bolivia, Peru · listed by its genus as a cactus or succulent

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Echinopsis pentlandii, photograph Dryas, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia CommonsEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph CactiLegacy, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph Alfredo F. Fuentes Claros, CC0, via Wikimedia CommonsEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph Michal Honskus, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph Michal Honskus, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 12 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-3.4°C
Record low -6.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
15°C
Oct and Nov at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,076mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
34–48DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to September (December to March at the habitat), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Echinopsis pentlandii, synonyms including Lobivia pentlandii, is a species of Echinopsis found in Bolivia and Peru.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Echinopsis pentlandii", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Echinopsis

Echinopsis is a genus of cacti native to South America, sometimes known as hedgehog cactus, sea-urchin cactus or Easter lily cactus. As of November 2025, Plants of the World Online used a broad circumscription of the genus, resulting in about 80 accepted species, ranging from large and treelike types to small globose cacti. The name derives from echinos hedgehog or sea urchin, and opsis appearance, a reference to these plants' dense coverings of spines.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Echinopsis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a cactus or succulent, listed under the genus Echinopsis in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “succulent subshrub”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (764 mm of 1,053 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 9.5 °C against a yearly mean of 8.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Rain

1,053 mm in the median year at the habitat, 764 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 259 mm, driest month July at 7 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 749 mm to 1,487 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,076 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,053 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 34 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 30, the highest 90th-percentile month 52).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -3.4 °C, the absolute minimum -6.9 °C, 4,326 frost nights in 44 years, 98.3 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 24.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -1.6 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range -3.6 °C to 2.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 15.1 °C in October and November (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -3.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 48 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -520 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Echinopsis in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “succulent subshrub”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Echinopsis pentlandii through the yearWarmest months October and November, mean daily high 15 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low -1.6 °C; 1,053 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°frost24.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-6.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 34–48RH 48–64%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 99 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C13 / 12–1613 / 12–1613 / 12–1613 / 12–1613 / 12–1512 / 11–1412 / 11–1414 / 11–1514 / 12–1715 / 13–1815 / 13–1814 / 13–17
Night °C5 / 3–75 / 3–75 / 3–73 / 1–60 / -2–4-1 / -3–3-2 / -4–2-1 / -2–31 / -1–53 / 1–64 / 2–75 / 3–7
Rain mm259 / 176–356202 / 130–289152 / 100–21452 / 32–9713 / 6–2610 / 5–227 / 4–1719 / 13–4037 / 23–6061 / 37–8690 / 59–115151 / 111–200
DLI41 / 37–4642 / 37–4640 / 37–4338 / 35–4137 / 33–3934 / 30–3636 / 31–3740 / 35–4145 / 40–4747 / 43–5148 / 43–5244 / 39–49
RH %64 / 59–6963 / 59–6963 / 59–6759 / 53–6352 / 43–5648 / 39–5548 / 40–5650 / 43–5952 / 45–6154 / 48–6256 / 51–6360 / 55–66
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 99 grid cells holding the 209 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2178:2277 (-18.925, -66.125). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -6.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 24.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 99 distinct grid cells holding 209 of the 209 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2178:2277 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -19.00_-66.250, lapse-corrected -520 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 3633 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 7283685 (Lobivia pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose, 281 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeBolivia, Peru · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-16.697, -68.301 · in the densest population, 173 records (76% of those in range)
Kew's description“succulent subshrub” · “montane tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 228 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 209 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 50 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 20 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 19 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 7283685 (Lobivia pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose): Kew's file holds it as Lobivia pentlandii (Hook.) Britton & Rose (synonym under Echinopsis pentlandii (Hook.) Salm-Dyck ex A.Dietr.); 281 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 228 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Echinopsis pentlandii, photograph 1did not loadEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph 2did not loadEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph 3did not loadEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph 4did not loadEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph 5did not loadEchinopsis pentlandii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Dryas, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Dick Culbert from Gibsons, B.C., Canada, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons; CactiLegacy, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Alfredo F. Fuentes Claros, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons; Michal Honskus, CC BY 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Mutisia orbignyana Mutisia orbignyana Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Andrés Romero BravoAdesmia miraflorensis Adesmia miraflorensis Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Humber AlbertoNicotiana undulata Nicotiana undulata Solanaceae Photo: CC BY, Humber AlbertoLepechinia meyenii Lepechinia meyenii Lamiaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedAstragalus garbancillo Astragalus garbancillo Fabaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Noemi GuerreroSenna aymara Senna aymara Fabaceae Photo: CC BY, Thomaz Ricardo Favreto Sinani

Other Echinopsis 48 in the reference

Echinopsis albispinosa Echinopsis albispinosa Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Kay UrbanEchinopsis ancistrophora Echinopsis ancistrophora Cactaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Pete Cupial-JonesEchinopsis angelesiae Echinopsis angelesiae Cactaceae Photo: CC0, DaderotEchinopsis arachnacantha Echinopsis arachnacantha Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Paul KaluschkeEchinopsis aurea Echinopsis aurea Cactaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedEchinopsis backebergii Echinopsis backebergii Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Paul KaluschkeEchinopsis bridgesii Echinopsis bridgesii Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, msscactiEchinopsis bruchii Echinopsis bruchii Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, Yazz'Echinopsis calochlora Echinopsis calochlora Cactaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedEchinopsis calorubra Echinopsis calorubra Cactaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Michael WolfEchinopsis camarguensis Echinopsis camarguensis Cactaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Frank VincentzEchinopsis cardenasiana Echinopsis cardenasiana Cactaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Pete Cupial-Jones all 49 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Lobivia maximiliana var. lauramarca; Cereus pentlandii var. flammeus; Lobivia larae; Cereus pentlandii var. floribundus-sanguineus; Lobivia lauramarca and 119 more. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFOWikipedia

The record

Family
Cactaceae
Described by
(Hook.) Salm-Dyck ex A.Dietr.
Native to
Bolivia, Peru
Wild records
228 in range · 50 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Echinopsis pentlandii (Hook.) Salm-Dyck ex A.Dietr. (plant_name_id 2783558), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 281 records of GBIF's key 7283685, Lobivia pentlandii (Salm-Dyck) Britton & Rose (Kew's file holds it as Lobivia pentlandii (Hook.) Britton & Rose (synonym under Echinopsis pentlandii (Hook.) Salm-Dyck ex A.Dietr.)): the GBIF download; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -19.00_-66.250, lapse-corrected -520 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 132757-1, POWO 132757-1
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 4 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…