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Epilobium billardiereanum; photograph (c) Arnim Littek, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Arnim Littek, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-08-24

Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.

Robust willowherb; Smooth willow herb

Onagraceae · Norfolk Is., New South Wales +8

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, DC., 1828.

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Epilobium billardiereanum, photograph (c) Arnim Littek, some rights reserved (CC BY)Epilobium billardiereanum, photograph (c) Arnim Littek, some rights reserved (CC BY)Epilobium billardiereanum, photograph (c) Arnim Littek, some rights reserved (CC BY)Epilobium billardiereanum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 112 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
3.3°C
Record low 0.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
25°C
Jan and Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
738mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
12–45DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Epilobium billardierianum, commonly known as the glabrous willow herb or smooth willow herb, is a species in the family Onagraceae that is native to Australia and New Zealand.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Epilobium billardierianum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Epilobium

Epilobium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Onagraceae, containing about 197 species. The genus has a worldwide distribution. It is most prevalent in the subarctic, temperate and subantarctic regions, whereas in the subtropics and tropics Epilobium species are restricted to the cool montane biomes, such as the New Guinea Highlands.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Epilobium", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (519 mm of 721 mm) takes 8 months, May to December. Mean temperature moves 11.1 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: November to June.

Rain

721 mm in the median year at the habitat, 519 mm of it May to December. Wettest month November at 70 mm, driest months (2 at 49 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 529 mm to 1,176 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 738 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 721 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 12 to 45 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 11, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 3.3 °C, the absolute minimum 0.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 28.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 4.5 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 0.3 °C to 8.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 24.7 °C in January (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 3.3 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 63% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +3 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Epilobium billardiereanum through the yearWarmest months January and February, mean daily high 25 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 4.5 °C; 721 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-5°0°5°10°15°20°25°30°frost28.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER0.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125mm rainDLI 12–45RH 56–63%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 546 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C25 / 20–2925 / 20–2822 / 19–2519 / 15–2115 / 12–1712 / 9–1411 / 8–1313 / 9–1515 / 12–1718 / 14–2120 / 17–2423 / 18–27
Night °C14 / 12–1714 / 12–1713 / 10–1510 / 7–138 / 4–116 / 2–95 / 0–85 / 1–87 / 3–98 / 5–1111 / 8–1312 / 10–15
Rain mm53 / 31–9051 / 31–9249 / 32–8249 / 37–9054 / 39–9767 / 45–11968 / 44–12167 / 43–11762 / 45–10566 / 51–10370 / 46–10065 / 43–101
DLI45 / 43–4941 / 36–4432 / 29–3623 / 20–2716 / 14–2012 / 11–1614 / 12–1819 / 17–2427 / 25–3236 / 33–4042 / 40–4545 / 42–49
RH %56 / 50–6157 / 51–6258 / 53–6259 / 55–6262 / 59–6463 / 61–6663 / 60–6661 / 58–6459 / 55–6258 / 53–6158 / 53–6157 / 51–61
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 546 grid cells holding the 1020 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2592:7131 (-39.625, 176.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 3.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 28.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 546 distinct grid cells holding 1020 of the 1020 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2592:7131 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -39.50_176.875, lapse-corrected +3 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 122 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNorfolk Is., New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, Chatham Is., New Zealand North, New Zealand South · introduced: Hawaii · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-35.302, 149.019 · in the densest population, 597 records (57% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial, subshrub or shrub” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1051 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1020 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 756 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 392 km away. 15 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 31 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 7322667 (Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.): Kew's file holds it as Epilobium billardiereanum Ser. (accepted); 900 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 7478774 (Epilobium tetragonum var. billardierianum (Ser.) H.Lév.): Kew's file holds it as Epilobium tetragonum var. billardierianum (Ser.) H.Lév. (synonym under Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.Records also from GBIF's key 7962135 (Epilobium glabellum var. billardierianum (Ser.) Maiden & Betche): Kew's file holds it as Epilobium glabellum var. billardierianum (Ser.) Maiden & Betche (synonym under Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.); 0 records, from GBIF's search API on the day of the build.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1051 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Epilobium billardiereanum, photograph 1did not loadEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph 2did not loadEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph 3did not loadEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph 4did not loadEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph 5did not loadEpilobium billardiereanum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Arnim Littek, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Amyema pendula Amyema pendula Drooping mistletoe Photo: CC BY, Jane CanawaySchoenus apogon Schoenus apogon Smooth bogrush Photo: CC0, author not statedHakea decurrens Hakea decurrens Bushy Needlewood Photo: CC BY, Elspeth SwanPoa labillardierei Poa labillardierei Common tussock grass Photo: CC BY, Liadan DickieGrevillea rosmarinifolia Grevillea rosmarinifolia Rosemary grevillea Photo: CC0, author not statedAcacia genistifolia Acacia genistifolia Early wattle Photo: CC BY, Nina Kerr

Other Epilobium 37 in the reference

Epilobium alpestre Epilobium alpestre Whorled-leaved Willowherb Photo: CC BY, Johannes S.Epilobium alsinifolium Epilobium alsinifolium Chickweed Willowherb Photo: CC BY, Antoine ThivolleEpilobium anagallidifolium Epilobium anagallidifolium Alpine willowherb Photo: CC0, author not statedEpilobium brachycarpum Epilobium brachycarpum Tall annual willowherb Photo: CC BY-SA, Josep GestiEpilobium brunnescens Epilobium brunnescens New Zealand Willowherb Photo: CC BY, James CunninghamEpilobium canum Epilobium canum Hummingbird trumpet Photo: CC BY, Grant ChovilEpilobium ciliatum Epilobium ciliatum American willowherb Photo: CC BY-SA, psweetEpilobium colchicum Epilobium colchicum Onagraceae Photo: CC BY, Алина УрусоваEpilobium coloratum Epilobium coloratum Cinnamon willowherb Photo: CC BY, Jeff ClarkEpilobium crassum Epilobium crassum Onagraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedEpilobium densiflorum Epilobium densiflorum Dense-flowered willowherb Photo: CC BY, gretchenparadisEpilobium dodonaei Epilobium dodonaei Onagraceae Photo: CC BY, Philipendula all 38 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Epilobium billardierianum subsp. billardierianum; Epilobium billardieranum var. billardieranum; Epilobium billardiereanum f. major; Epilobium billardiereanum f. simplex; Epilobium billardiereanum subsp. billardiereanum and 7 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Onagraceae
Described by
Ser.
Native to
Norfolk Is., New South Wales, Queensland +7
Wild records
1051 in range · 756 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key 7760661 is Epilobium billardiereanum DC., 1828; Kew accepts Epilobium billardiereanum Ser., and the name is cited as Kew accepts it; its synonyms and common names are read from GBIF's Epilobium billardiereanum Ser. (7322667), which GBIF files under Epilobium billardierianum subsp. billardierianum (7223865) too
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-2214 read from GBIF's Epilobium billardiereanum Ser. (7322667), which GBIF files under Epilobium billardierianum subsp. billardierianum (7223865)
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 900 records of GBIF's key 7322667, Epilobium billardiereanum Ser. (Kew's file holds it as Epilobium billardiereanum Ser. (accepted)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 7478774, Epilobium tetragonum var. billardierianum (Ser.) H.Lév. (Kew's file holds it as Epilobium tetragonum var. billardierianum (Ser.) H.Lév. (synonym under Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 0 records of GBIF's key 7962135, Epilobium glabellum var. billardierianum (Ser.) Maiden & Betche (Kew's file holds it as Epilobium glabellum var. billardierianum (Ser.) Maiden & Betche (synonym under Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.)): GBIF occurrence search API; 23 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (20 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 3 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -39.50_176.875, lapse-corrected +3 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by its label; its IPNI identifier 611667-1 is Kew's for Epilobium billardiereanum Ser.
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22Wikipedia redirects Epilobium billardiereanum to Epilobium billardierianum, whose Wikidata item (Q15324635) carries this species' IPNI identifier (611667-1)
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 15 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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