Species
+

Fagraea ceilanica Thunb.

hui li

Climate known 14 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Fagraea ceilanica is a species of small tree in the family Gentianaceae growing to heights of up to 10 metres. Typical habitat is seasonal tropical forest, but it is also grown as an ornamental tree in many places in India, Indo-China and Malesia.

Text from Wikipedia, “Fagraea ceilanica”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Fagraea

Fagraea is a genus of plants in the family Gentianaceae. It includes trees, shrubs, lianas, and epiphytes. They can be found in forests, swamps, and other habitat in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, with the center of diversity in Malesia.

Text from Wikipedia, “Fagraea”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Gentianaceae
Described by
Thunb.
Native to
China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast +21
Wild records
448 in range· 318 open

At a glance

Warmest month
28°C
Apr, mean day; nights 21 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
2560mm/yr
12 wet months · peak Aug 260 mm (CHELSA)
Light
28–33DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (April to November in the northern hemisphere). Habitat rain 2560 mm a year, wettest August at 260 mm, driest February at 130 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 33 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 15.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Atragene ceilanica (Thunb.) Gera; Bertuchia speciosa Dennst. ex Kostel.; Fagraea birmanica Gand.; Fagraea ceilanica var. brevituba C.B.Clarke; Fagraea chinensis Merr. and 23 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: no season, 70% of the rain takes 8 months (April to November in the northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads no season: 70% of the year's rain (1902 mm of 2560 mm) takes 8 months, April to November. Mean temperature moves 4.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: October to May.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 2560 mm a year, wettest August at 260 mm, driest February at 130 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

2560 mm a year at the habitat, 1902 mm of it April to November. Wettest month August at 260 mm, driest February at 130 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 1415 mm to 4474 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 33 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 28 to 33 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 21, the highest 90th-percentile month 41).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 15.7 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 15.7 °C, the absolute minimum 13.4 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.0 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 17.6 °C in January (across the envelope cells 10.3 °C to 24.2 °C), warmest day 27.8 °C in April (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 15.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 67 to 69% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 25 °C in Dec to 28 °C in Apr; mean night from 18 °C in Jan to 22 °C in May. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 2560 mm of rain a year, most in Aug. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 347 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 13.4 °C and the 99th-percentile day 26.0 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°15°20°25°30°35°26.0° 99th-percentile day (undated)13.4° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 28–33RH 67–69 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 347 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C25 / 18–2926 / 19–3027 / 21–3228 / 22–3228 / 22–3127 / 21–3127 / 21–3127 / 21–3127 / 22–3027 / 21–3025 / 20–2925 / 19–29
Night °C18 / 10–2418 / 12–2420 / 12–2521 / 14–2522 / 15–2522 / 15–2622 / 15–2622 / 15–2622 / 14–2521 / 14–2419 / 12–2418 / 11–24
Rain mm158 / 7–474130 / 15–438175 / 34–427207 / 78–398250 / 152–378244 / 127–484257 / 118–535260 / 116–533256 / 121–443231 / 97–399197 / 44–413195 / 13–433
DLI29 / 21–3531 / 22–3833 / 26–4133 / 26–4032 / 26–3630 / 23–3530 / 22–3631 / 24–3631 / 26–3731 / 25–3829 / 23–3528 / 21–33
RH %67 / 56–7367 / 54–7267 / 54–7268 / 58–7368 / 63–7369 / 65–7569 / 64–7568 / 64–7468 / 64–7368 / 62–7267 / 60–7367 / 57–73

Each figure is the median across the 347 grid cells holding the 411 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1768:5891 (1.575, 114.575). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 13.4 °C, 1st-percentile night 15.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.0 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 347 distinct grid cells holding the 411 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1768:5891 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 1.50_114.375, lapse-corrected +284 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1062 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Sulawesi, Sumatera, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Vanuatu
Kew's description“scrambling shrub or tree” · “wet tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker21.861, 111.982 · in the densest population, 91 records (20% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 448 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 318 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 4745 km away. 41 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 37 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 448 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Fagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanicaFagraea ceilanica

Photographs: 葉子, CC0, iNaturalist via GBIF (3); Cheng-Te Hsu, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (2); 黃美滿, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF (3).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Fagraea ceilanica, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Urban road greenbelt configuration: The perspective of PM2.5 removal and air quality regulation
Jiansheng Wu, Keyu Luo, Wang Yi, Zhenyu Wang (2021) · Environment International
Isolation and Characterization of Scopoletin from The Bark of fagraea ceilanica thumb and Antioxidants Tests
Norman Ferdinal, Rizki Alfajri, Bustanul Arifin (2015) · International Journal on Advanced Science Engineering and Information Technology
Two new genera and four new species of the tribe Anthocoptini (Acari: Eriophyidae) from South China
Meng Chao Tan, Yu Ping Mo, Wen Lu, Guo Quan Wang (2016) · Systematic and Applied Acarology
Ecophysiological responses and sensitivity of 39 woody species exposed to air pollution.
Wen Dazhi, LU Yao-dong, KUANG Yuan-Wen, Hu Xiancong (2003) · Redai yaredai zhiwu xuebao
Response of Some Plants for Municipal Greening to Air Pollutants
Changlian Peng, Wen Da-zhi, Zijian Sun, Lin Guizhu (2002) · Redai yaredai zhiwu xuebao
Response of Some Plants for Municipal Greening to Air Pollutants
Kong Guo-hu (2002) · Redai yaredai zhiwu xuebao
Effects of air pollution on the growth of 35 garden plants.
Shizhong Liu, Xue Kena, Kong Guohui, Hu XianChong (2003) · Redai yaredai zhiwu xuebao
Large lipid droplets of the guard cells are dynamic organelles of the functioning stomata of Fagraea ceilanica
Anatoly Pautov, Nuria K. Koteyeva, O. V. Yakovleva, Alexandra N. Ivanova (2022) · Flora
Preliminary phytochemical screening and Bioactivity of selected Indian Medicinal plants
AG Devi Prasad, Shyma Tb, Deepa Shree Cl, Shubha Gopal (2013) · International Journal of Phytomedicine
Short Communication: Morphological study of Fagraea ceilanica (Gentianaceae) in Mount Nglanggeran, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Widodo Widodo, Muhammad Jaâ€TMfar Luthfi (2016) · Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Fagraea 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild not askedcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: not asked: 10 wild photographs already from the GBIF download
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: filled 2026-09-20
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 45 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.