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Fritillaria lusitanica; photograph (c) Duarte Frade, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Duarte Frade, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-04-25

Fritillaria lusitanica Wikstr.

Iberian Fritillary

Liliaceae · Portugal, Spain · listed by its genus as a bulb, tuber or caudex

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Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph (c) Diego Rodríguez Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY)Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph (c) Diego Rodríguez Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY)Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph (c) Diego Rodríguez Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY)Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph (c) Diego Rodríguez Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY)Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph (c) Jorge Íñiguez, some rights reserved (CC BY)Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph (c) Jorge Íñiguez, some rights reserved (CC BY) 69 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-3.8°C
Record low -8.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
642mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
13–49DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to February and April to May, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Fritillaria lusitanica is a species of plant in the lily family Liliaceae, endemic to the Iberian Peninsula.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Fritillaria lusitanica", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Fritillaria

Fritillaria (fritillaries) is a genus of spring flowering herbaceous bulbous perennial plants in the lily family (Liliaceae). The type species, Fritillaria meleagris, was first described in Europe in 1571, while other species from the Middle East and Asia were also introduced to Europe at that time. The genus has about 130–140 species divided among eight subgenera. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Fritillaria", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex, listed under the genus Fritillaria in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (484 mm of 620 mm) falls in October to February and April to May, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 11.1 °C against a yearly mean of 14.6 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August and October to November.

Rain

620 mm in the median year at the habitat, 484 mm of it October to February and April to May. Wettest month December at 89 mm, driest month July at 9 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 434 mm to 923 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 642 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 620 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 13 to 49 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 11, the highest 90th-percentile month 51).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -3.8 °C, the absolute minimum -8.9 °C, 1,510 frost nights in 44 years, 34.3 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.2 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 2.1 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -1.8 °C to 8.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.6 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -3.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 51 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -24 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Fritillaria in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Fritillaria lusitanica through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 2.1 °C; 620 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°50°frost40.2° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-8.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 13–49RH 51–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 920 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C11 / 6–1412 / 7–1516 / 11–1817 / 12–2020 / 16–2325 / 21–2929 / 24–3328 / 24–3225 / 21–2820 / 15–2214 / 10–1811 / 7–15
Night °C2 / -2–83 / -2–95 / 0–107 / 2–1110 / 6–1415 / 10–1717 / 13–2017 / 13–2015 / 10–1811 / 6–156 / 2–123 / -1–10
Rain mm62 / 31–10354 / 29–8746 / 29–6965 / 49–9355 / 37–8527 / 11–529 / 2–2514 / 5–4140 / 29–7780 / 50–11379 / 43–12789 / 39–153
DLI15 / 13–1721 / 19–2330 / 28–3237 / 35–3942 / 40–4547 / 45–5049 / 45–5143 / 39–4533 / 30–3623 / 21–2616 / 14–1813 / 11–15
RH %61 / 57–6359 / 57–6256 / 54–6056 / 54–6155 / 52–6153 / 49–6151 / 44–6053 / 46–6055 / 50–6158 / 56–6260 / 58–6362 / 58–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 920 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1296 records in those cells; 10 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1030:3522 (38.475, -3.875). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -8.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.2 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 920 distinct grid cells holding 1296 of the 1306 in-range records (10 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1030:3522 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 38.50_-3.750, lapse-corrected -24 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 671 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativePortugal, Spain · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker39.554, -8.654 · in the densest population, 1254 records (85% of those in range)
Kew's description“bulbous geophyte” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1477 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1296 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1306 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 147 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 51 km away. 10 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 171 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 1477 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Fritillaria lusitanica, photograph 1did not loadFritillaria lusitanica, photograph 2did not loadFritillaria lusitanica, photograph 3did not loadFritillaria lusitanica, photograph 4did not loadFritillaria lusitanica, photograph 5did not loadFritillaria lusitanica, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Diego Rodríguez Hernández, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) Jorge Íñiguez, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Ulex parviflorus Ulex parviflorus Small-flowered Gorse Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaThapsia villosa Thapsia villosa Villous deadly carrot Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaPhlomis crinita Phlomis crinita Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Juan RodríguezLinaria spartea Linaria spartea Ballast toadflax Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaLavandula pedunculata Lavandula pedunculata Spanish lavender Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaAristolochia paucinervis Aristolochia paucinervis Aristolochiaceae Photo: CC BY, Sara Navarro

Other Fritillaria 117 in the reference

Fritillaria acmopetala Fritillaria acmopetala Liliaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben CostamagnaFritillaria affinis Fritillaria affinis Checker lily Photo: CC BY-SA, Henry "Nick" RobertsonFritillaria agrestis Fritillaria agrestis Stinkbells Photo: CC0, author not statedFritillaria alburyana Fritillaria alburyana Liliaceae Photo: CC BY, Averater Fritillaria alfredae Liliaceae Fritillaria amana Fritillaria amana Liliaceae Photo: CC BY, Moustapha Itani Fritillaria anhuiensis Liliaceae Fritillaria ariana Liliaceae Fritillaria armena Liliaceae Fritillaria assyriaca Fritillaria assyriaca Liliaceae Photo: CC0, Dûrzan Fritillaria atrolineata Liliaceae Fritillaria atropurpurea Fritillaria atropurpurea Spotted fritillary Photo: CC BY, Whitney Brook Matson all 118 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Fritillaria pyrenaica var. lusitanica. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Liliaceae
Described by
Wikstr.
Native to
Portugal, Spain
Wild records
1477 in range · 147 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 16 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (15 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 38.50_-3.750, lapse-corrected -24 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 50 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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