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Geranium hayatanum; photograph (c) Ben Costamagna, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Ben Costamagna, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-07-14

Geranium hayatanum Ohwi

Geraniaceae · Taiwan · listed by its genus as a temperate garden plant

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Geranium hayatanum, photograph (c) Rick Chou, some rights reserved (CC BY)Geranium hayatanum, photograph (c) Ben Costamagna, some rights reserved (CC BY)Geranium hayatanum, photograph (c) 雲一百香果, some rights reserved (CC BY)Geranium hayatanum, photograph (c) 葉淑蓮, some rights reserved (CC BY)Geranium hayatanum, photograph (c) 黃美滿, some rights reserved (CC BY)Geranium hayatanum, photograph (c) 黃美滿, some rights reserved (CC BY) 61 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Coldest month, mean nightly low
-1.0°C
Jan at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (the weather cell's ground is too far off) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
17°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,428mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
18–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Geranium

Geranium is a genus of 422 species of annual, biennial, and perennial plants that are commonly known as geraniums, hardy geraniums, or cranesbills. They are found throughout the temperate regions of the world and the mountains of the tropics, with the greatest diversity in the eastern part of the Mediterranean region.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Geranium", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a temperate garden plant, listed under the genus Geranium in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”, “temperate”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,523 mm of 3,415 mm) falls in May to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 12.7 °C against a yearly mean of 9.3 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to April.

Rain

3,415 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,523 mm of it May to October. Wettest month September at 503 mm, driest month December at 87 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 3,096 mm to 4,508 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,428 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 3,415 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 18 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -1.0 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -3.3 °C to 4.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 17.2 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is -1.0 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, January, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell whose ground is too far above or below the typical spot to correct for, and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Geranium in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “perennial”, “temperate”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Geranium hayatanum through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 17 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -1.0 °C; 3,415 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-5°0°5°10°15°20°25°frost°C · day and nightcold quarter0200400600800mm rainDLI 18–34RH 59–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 35 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C6 / 4–127 / 5–1310 / 8–1613 / 10–1814 / 12–2016 / 14–2117 / 15–2217 / 14–2215 / 13–2013 / 11–1910 / 8–167 / 5–13
Night °C-1 / -3–50 / -2–63 / 0–86 / 3–118 / 5–139 / 7–1410 / 7–1410 / 7–159 / 7–147 / 4–124 / 1–90 / -2–6
Rain mm103 / 76–142181 / 161–207189 / 177–216226 / 196–316381 / 340–571469 / 406–698447 / 394–647494 / 443–714503 / 423–576229 / 183–328106 / 80–15287 / 72–123
DLI19 / 17–2221 / 19–2426 / 25–3029 / 28–3229 / 29–3130 / 28–3134 / 33–3631 / 30–3228 / 27–2926 / 24–2721 / 19–2318 / 16–21
RH %60 / 55–6563 / 59–6762 / 59–6663 / 61–6665 / 62–6764 / 63–6862 / 61–6664 / 62–6865 / 63–6964 / 59–6861 / 56–6759 / 54–65

The daily extremes were not used: the correction for elevation, +1376 m, is beyond the 1,000 m either way that a lapse rate is applied over, so the weather cell's ground is other terrain than the typical spot's. So no cold floor is read for this species, and the coldest month's mean nightly low is not taken as one. What that cell gave, so corrected, over 44 years: absolute minimum -12.9 °C, 1st-percentile night -7.3 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 35 grid cells holding the 210 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1318:6026 (24.075, 121.325). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 35 distinct grid cells holding 210 of the 210 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1318:6026 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 24.00_121.250, lapse-corrected +1376 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 2699 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeTaiwan · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker24.142, 121.272 · in the densest population, 333 records (100% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 333 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 210 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 80 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 25 km away. 123 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 333 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Geranium hayatanum, photograph 1did not loadGeranium hayatanum, photograph 2did not loadGeranium hayatanum, photograph 3did not loadGeranium hayatanum, photograph 4did not loadGeranium hayatanum, photograph 5did not loadGeranium hayatanum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Rick Chou, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Ben Costamagna, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) 雲一百香果, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) 葉淑蓮, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) 黃美滿, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Spiraea morrisonicola Spiraea morrisonicola Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben CostamagnaBerberis morrisonensis Berberis morrisonensis Yushan barberry Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好Primula miyabeana Primula miyabeana Primulaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben CostamagnaAconitum fukutomei Aconitum fukutomei Scandent monkshood Photo: CC BY, Yu-Chang ChenVeronica morrisonicola Veronica morrisonicola Plantaginaceae Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好Rosa morrisonensis Rosa morrisonensis Rosaceae Photo: CC BY, crothfels

Other Geranium 106 in the reference

Geranium albanum Geranium albanum Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Tom RiggleGeranium albiflorum Geranium albiflorum Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY, Alexander DubyninGeranium alboroseum Geranium alboroseum Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY, Thomas GyselinckGeranium argenteum Geranium argenteum Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY, Elias Geranium aristatum Geraniaceae Geranium asphodeloides Geranium asphodeloides Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY, Milan ChytrýGeranium bicknellii Geranium bicknellii Bicknell's cranesbill Photo: CC BY, Patrick JacksonGeranium bohemicum Geranium bohemicum Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY, Tatyana SovaGeranium brevicaule Geranium brevicaule Alpine Crane's Bill Photo: CC BY, Felix CollinsGeranium caespitosum Geranium caespitosum Pineywoods geranium Photo: CC0, author not statedGeranium carolinianum Geranium carolinianum Carolina crane's-bill Photo: CC0, author not statedGeranium cataractarum Geranium cataractarum Geraniaceae Photo: CC BY, Rafael Medina all 107 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Geranium suzukii subsp. hayatanum; Geranium suzukii var. hayatanum; Geranium uniflorum. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Geraniaceae
Described by
Ohwi
Native to
Taiwan
Wild records
333 in range · 80 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 24.00_121.250, lapse-corrected +1376 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: the correction for elevation, +1376 m, is beyond the 1,000 m either way that a lapse rate is applied over, so the weather cell's ground is other terrain than the typical spot's, so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 8 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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