Species
+

Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr.

Camlal, Corn Chrysanthemum Marigold, Corndaisy, Gan·né

Climate known 48 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Glebionis segetum is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, probably native only to the eastern Mediterranean region but now naturalized in western and northern Europe as well as China and parts of North America. Common names include corn marigold and corn daisy.

Text from Wikipedia, “Glebionis segetum”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Glebionis

Glebionis is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. The species were formerly treated in the genus Chrysanthemum. A 1999 ruling of the International Botanical Congress redefined the type species for that genus as the economically important florist's chrysanthemum, thereby excluding the species now included in Glebionis.

Text from Wikipedia, “Glebionis”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(L.) Fourr.
Native to
Albania, Greece, Italy +12
Wild records
70 in range· 35 open

At a glance

Warmest month
27°C
Aug, mean day; nights 21 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
786mm/yr
10 wet months · peak Dec 117 mm (CHELSA)
Light
11–46DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a winter growing season, September to March in the northern hemisphere (September to March at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 786 mm a year, wettest December at 117 mm, driest July at 13 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 46 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 2.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Chamaemelum segetum (L.) E.H.L.Krause; Chrysanthemum coronarium var. spatiosum Bailey; Chrysanthemum holophyllum Pau; Chrysanthemum laciniatum Gilib.; Chrysanthemum segetale Salisb. and 15 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a winter growing season, September to March in the northern hemisphere (September to March at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the year's rain (612 mm of 786 mm) falls in September to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 13.1 °C against a yearly mean of 16.1 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: March to September.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 786 mm a year, wettest December at 117 mm, driest July at 13 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

786 mm a year at the habitat, 612 mm of it September to March. Wettest month December at 117 mm, driest July at 13 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 591 mm to 1094 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 46 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 11 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 2.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 2.5 °C, the absolute minimum -4.8 °C, 25 frost nights in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 33.4 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 5.5 °C in February (across the envelope cells 1.5 °C to 9.8 °C), warmest day 27.0 °C in August (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 2.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 58 to 61% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 12 °C in Jan to 27 °C in Aug; mean night from 6 °C in Feb to 21 °C in Aug. The cold quarter, Jan to Mar, is the three months around the coldest night. 786 mm of rain a year, most in Dec. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 65 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was -4.8 °C and the 99th-percentile day 33.4 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.-10°10°20°30°40°frost33.4° 99th-percentile day (undated)-4.8° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 11–46RH 58–61 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 65 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C12 / 9–1512 / 9–1614 / 12–1816 / 14–2220 / 18–2624 / 22–3027 / 24–3127 / 25–3224 / 22–3020 / 18–2616 / 13–2113 / 10–16
Night °C6 / 1–106 / 2–108 / 4–1110 / 7–1314 / 11–1618 / 15–2020 / 17–2221 / 18–2318 / 15–2115 / 11–1811 / 6–147 / 3–11
Rain mm84 / 54–18569 / 48–15168 / 49–10263 / 25–9546 / 7–7628 / 1–5313 / 1–3624 / 1–4571 / 2–10192 / 29–137111 / 83–169117 / 84–162
DLI13 / 12–1919 / 17–2428 / 26–3336 / 33–4142 / 39–4746 / 43–5046 / 44–5040 / 38–4531 / 29–3821 / 19–2914 / 13–2211 / 10–18
RH %60 / 58–6460 / 58–6359 / 57–6260 / 54–6259 / 52–6359 / 54–6358 / 52–6359 / 53–6460 / 57–6261 / 57–6361 / 56–6461 / 58–65

Each figure is the median across the 65 grid cells holding the 69 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 933:3732 (43.325, 6.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -4.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 2.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 33.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 65 distinct grid cells holding the 69 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 933:3732 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 43.50_6.875, lapse-corrected -162 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 83 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAlbania, Greece, Italy, Kriti, Turkey-in-Europe, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia, Cyprus, East Aegean Is., Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Turkey· introduced: Denmark, Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Austria, Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Hungary, Netherlands, Poland, Switzerland, Baleares, Corse, France, Portugal, Sardegna, Spain, Sicilia, Belarus, Baltic States, Central European Russia, South European Russia, Northwest European Russia, Ukraine, Azores, Canary Is., Madeira, Selvagens, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Angola, Cape Provinces, Northern Provinces, Mauritius, Tadzhikistan, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Jawa, New South Wales, Western Australia, Chatham Is., New Zealand North, Alaska, Oregon, Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, California, Alabama, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, El Salvador, Colombia
Kew's description“annual” · “temperate”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker41.907, 8.835 · in the densest population, 31 records (44% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 70 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 35 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2 km away. 1505 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 1 in-range record is placed to worse than 10 km and stays on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 70 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Glebionis segetumGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetumGlebionis segetum

Photographs: (c) Marina Nioti, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); (c) Petr Harant, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Francesco Santoro, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Glebionis segetum, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Genomics of C ompositae crops: reference transcriptome assemblies and evidence of hybridization with wild relatives
Kathryn A. Hodgins, Zhao Lai, Luiz Orlando de Oliveira, David W. Still (2013) · Molecular Ecology Resources
Karyomorphological and biochemical studies in Glebionis coronaria (L.) Spach and Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourreau from Italy
Costantino Paciolla, Saverio D’Emerico, Franca Tommasi, A. Scrugli (2010) · Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology
Influence of burial depth and soil disturbance on the emergence of common weed species in the Iberian Peninsula
Carlos Sousa‐Ortega, Ramón G. León, Nuria López-Martínez, Pedro Castro‐Valdecantos (2023) · Weed Science
Pro197 and Trp574 substitutions in the acetolactate synthase of corn marigold (Glebionis segetum) and their impact on competitive ability against barley
Aristeidis P. Papapanagiotou, Theodore Spanos, Nour Elhouda Zarrougui, Ioannis Livieratos (2023) · Weed Technology
Contribution to the vascular flora of Kostroma Region (European Russia)
Артём Викторович Леострин, Анна Александровна Ефимова (2020) · Turczaninowia
Target‐site resistance to ALS ‐inhibiting herbicides in Stellaria media, Papaver rhoeas, Glebionis segetum and Veronica persica from Ireland
Vijaya Bhaskar Alwarnaidu Vijayarajan, Joel Torra, Fabian Runge, Gerard Nolan (2025) · Weed Research
Edible Wild Flowers: An Innovative but Ancient Food
Stefania Toscano, Valeria Rizzo, Giuseppe Muratore, Daniela Romano (2020)
Gamma radiation induced variations in corn marigold (Glebionis segetum) and their RAPD-based genetic relationship
Manish Kapoor, Prabhat Kumar, Shant Lal (2014) · The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Glebionis 1 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 143 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.