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Grewia serrulata; photograph Siddarth Machado, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF CC BYSiddarth Machado, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF

Grewia serrulata DC.

Malvaceae · Assam, Bangladesh +8

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Grewia serrulata, photograph Ramesh Shenai, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIFGrewia serrulata, photograph Vinayaraj, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGrewia serrulata, photograph Vinayaraj, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGrewia serrulata, photograph Vinayaraj, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGrewia serrulata, photograph Vinayaraj, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsGrewia serrulata, photograph Vinayaraj, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 14 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
13.5°C
Record low 9.5 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
34°C
Apr at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,057mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
22–44DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A rainy season, June to August, neither the cool nor the warm half of the year. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Grewia

Grewia is a large flowering plant genus in the mallow family Malvaceae, in the expanded sense as proposed by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. Formerly, Grewia was placed in either the family Tiliaceae or the Sparrmanniaceae. However, these were both not monophyletic with respect to other Malvales - as already indicated by the uncertainties surrounding placement of Grewia and similar genera - and have thus been merged into the Malvaceae. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Grewia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season with no name: 70% of the median year's rain (2,192 mm of 2,902 mm) falls in June to August, whose mean temperature, 25.2 °C, is within half a degree of the year's, 25.0 °C, so it is neither the cooler nor the warmer part of the year. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to February.

Rain

2,902 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,192 mm of it June to August. Wettest month July at 997 mm, driest month February at 1 mm; 2 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,834 mm to 4,479 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,057 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,902 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 19, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 13.5 °C, the absolute minimum 9.5 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 43.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 16.7 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 12.6 °C to 19.6 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 33.6 °C in April (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 13.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 51 to 76% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -60 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Grewia serrulata through the yearWarmest month April, mean daily high 34 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 16.7 °C; 2,902 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°43.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER9.5° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050010001500mm rainDLI 22–44RH 51–76%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 31 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 25–3231 / 28–3233 / 30–3434 / 30–3533 / 29–3429 / 25–3327 / 24–2927 / 23–2828 / 25–2929 / 26–3129 / 26–3229 / 25–31
Night °C17 / 13–2017 / 14–2020 / 16–2222 / 19–2524 / 20–2624 / 20–2623 / 19–2523 / 19–2522 / 19–2421 / 18–2319 / 15–2217 / 13–20
Rain mm2 / 1–251 / 0–255 / 1–4514 / 1–11177 / 25–211526 / 231–1034997 / 526–1418669 / 391–1028396 / 244–450174 / 86–29233 / 13–1388 / 3–36
DLI35 / 30–3739 / 36–4043 / 40–4444 / 38–4641 / 35–4426 / 23–3222 / 19–2623 / 19–2629 / 26–3032 / 29–3432 / 29–3332 / 29–33
RH %51 / 48–5752 / 46–5754 / 45–5958 / 48–6662 / 59–7072 / 67–7876 / 67–8175 / 69–8071 / 66–7562 / 56–7054 / 50–6551 / 49–59
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 31 grid cells holding the 37 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1411:5059 (19.425, 72.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 9.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 13.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 43.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 31 distinct grid cells holding 37 of the 37 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1411:5059 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_73.125, lapse-corrected -60 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 66 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAssam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Andaman Is., Myanmar, Nicobar Is., Vietnam · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker18.566, 73.34 · in the densest population, 22 records (46% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 48 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 37 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 38 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 212 km away. 2 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 11 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 48 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Grewia serrulata, photograph 1did not loadGrewia serrulata, photograph 2did not loadGrewia serrulata, photograph 3did not loadGrewia serrulata, photograph 4did not loadGrewia serrulata, photograph 5did not loadGrewia serrulata, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Ramesh Shenai, CC BY, iNaturalist via GBIF; Vinayaraj, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons (5).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Phyllanthus retusus Phyllanthus retusus Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, VinayarajGrewia tiliifolia Grewia tiliifolia Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, Ravuri Krishna ChaitanyaCareya arborea Careya arborea Wild Guava Photo: CC BY, AshwinBridelia retusa Bridelia retusa Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC BY, Bharat GodambeStereospermum colais Stereospermum colais Bignoniaceae Photo: CC BY, Ravuri Krishna ChaitanyaFicus arnottiana Ficus arnottiana Indian Rock Fig Photo: CC BY, rajesh rocky

Other Grewia 18 in the reference

Grewia asiatica Grewia asiatica Phalsa Photo: CC BY, Roland MuenchGrewia australis Grewia australis Malvaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyGrewia bicolor Grewia bicolor Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, Mahomed DesaiGrewia biloba Grewia biloba Bilobed grewia Photo: CC BY, 振远 王Grewia eriocarpa Grewia eriocarpa Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, 曾昱承 Yu-Cheng ZengGrewia flava Grewia flava Brandy Bush Photo: CC0, author not statedGrewia flavescens Grewia flavescens Sandpaper Raisin Photo: CC0, author not statedGrewia hexamita Grewia hexamita Giant Raisin Photo: CC BY-SA, alanbedfordshawGrewia lasiocarpa Grewia lasiocarpa Forest Raisinbush Photo: CC BY, Sunčana BradleyGrewia latifolia Grewia latifolia Malvaceae Photo: CC BY, Ethel AardvarkGrewia monticola Grewia monticola Grey Raisin Photo: CC0, author not statedGrewia occidentalis Grewia occidentalis Crossberry Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo all 19 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Grewia barberi; Grewia disperma; Grewia lanceolata; Grewia sepiaria. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidata

The record

Family
Malvaceae
Described by
DC.
Native to
Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya +7
Wild records
48 in range · 38 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 19.50_73.125, lapse-corrected -60 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 15 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…