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Inula royleana; photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SASalicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Inula royleana DC.

Asteraceae · Pakistan, West Himalaya

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Inula royleana, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsInula royleana, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsInula royleana, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsInula royleana, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsInula royleana, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsInula royleana, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 9 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-15.0°C
Record low -24.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
18°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,999mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
16–46DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes January to April and July to August, with nights below freezing; no growing season read. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 4 records in 3 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Inula royleana is a species of plant in the daisy family Asteraceae. It is native to Pakistan and the western Himalayas.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Inula royleana", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Inula

Inula is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, native to Europe, Asia and Africa.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Inula", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season and no growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,428 mm of 1,980 mm) falls in January to April and July to August, the cooler part of the year, but the mean nightly low is below freezing in February, March, April and May, so the rule reads no growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: January to February and July to October.

Rain

1,980 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,428 mm of it January to April and July to August. Wettest month July at 346 mm, driest month November at 57 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,182 mm to 2,163 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,999 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,980 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 46 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -15.0 °C, the absolute minimum -24.6 °C, 7,691 frost nights in 44 years, 174.8 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 26.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -15.3 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -17.7 °C to -11.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 17.7 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -15.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 47 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +937 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 4 records in 3 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Inula royleana through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 18 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -15.3 °C; 1,980 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost26.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-24.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 16–46RH 47–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 3 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-7 / -9–-2-5 / -7–-1-1 / -3–57 / 2–1213 / 8–1817 / 12–2118 / 15–2117 / 15–2015 / 12–199 / 5–143 / -1–9-3 / -6–2
Night °C-15 / -18–-11-13 / -16–-10-10 / -12–-6-5 / -8–-21 / -4–45 / 1–89 / 6–119 / 6–114 / 1–7-3 / -7–1-9 / -13–-5-13 / -16–-9
Rain mm147 / 99–153217 / 132–217262 / 168–270201 / 148–231114 / 111–140103 / 69–157346 / 123–360255 / 111–263111 / 67–13065 / 45–8557 / 43–64102 / 60–107
DLI18 / 18–2023 / 23–2630 / 30–3539 / 38–4345 / 44–4746 / 46–4738 / 37–3834 / 34–3533 / 33–3428 / 27–2921 / 20–2316 / 16–19
RH %51 / 46–5354 / 49–5655 / 50–5653 / 50–5553 / 49–5558 / 52–5966 / 65–6866 / 66–6859 / 56–6152 / 47–5447 / 45–4949 / 45–51
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 3 grid cells holding the 4 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1098:5052 (35.075, 72.625). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -24.6 °C, 1st-percentile night -15.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 26.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 3 distinct grid cells holding 4 of the 4 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1098:5052 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.00_72.500, lapse-corrected +937 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 3053 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativePakistan, West Himalaya · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker34.751, 73.079 · in the densest population, 4 records (80% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial or rhizomatous geophyte” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 5 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 4 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 3 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 186 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the map and the climate. 1 in-range record is placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stays on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 5 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Inula royleana, photograph 1did not loadInula royleana, photograph 2did not loadInula royleana, photograph 3did not loadInula royleana, photograph 4did not loadInula royleana, photograph 5did not loadInula royleana, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Caltha alba Caltha alba White Marsh Marigold Photo: CC BY, Sindhu HaridasFilipendula vestita Filipendula vestita Rosaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Dinesh ValkeLilium polyphyllum Lilium polyphyllum Himalayan White Lily Photo: CC BY-SA, Vijay ChandokGeum elatum Geum elatum Rosaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated Allium humile Amaryllidaceae Campanula cashmeriana Campanula cashmeriana Campanulaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Sohail Wagay

Other Inula 11 in the reference

Inula acaulis Inula acaulis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizInula candida Inula candida Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Daniel CahenInula grandis Inula grandis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Dr. Alexey YakovlevInula helenium Inula helenium Elecampane Photo: CC BY, Елена ПатерикинаInula hookeri Inula hookeri Hooker's fleabane Photo: CC BY, scottvanceInula japonica Inula japonica Oriental yellowhead Photo: CC BY, Young Jun LeeInula macrocephala Inula macrocephala Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Krzysztof Ziarnek, KenraizInula magnifica Inula magnifica Giant Fleabane Photo: CC BY, Maria KohanovskayaInula racemosa Inula racemosa Himalayan elecampane Photo: CC BY, Thomas Davis-MooreInula rhizocephala Inula rhizocephala Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedInula thapsoides Inula thapsoides Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Maria Kohanovskaya

Names & registers

Also known as Corvisartia indica; Helenium royleanum; Inula stoliczkae; Inula stoliczkai. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipedia

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
DC.
Native to
Pakistan, West Himalaya
Wild records
5 in range · 3 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 35.00_72.500, lapse-corrected +937 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by its label; its IPNI identifier 226081-1 is Kew's for Inula royleana DC.
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist taxon inat.taxon not asked
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 4 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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