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Jacobaea auricula; photograph Javier martinlo, CC BY-SA 3.0 es, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SAJavier martinlo, CC BY-SA 3.0 es, via Wikimedia Commons

Jacobaea auricula (Bourg. ex Coss.) Pelser

Asteraceae · Spain, Algeria

English names not checked: Wikidata's common names were not read for this page.

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Jacobaea auricula, photograph Javier martinlo, CC BY-SA 3.0 es, via Wikimedia CommonsJacobaea auricula, photograph Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsJacobaea auricula, photograph Javier martin, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsJacobaea auricula, photograph Javier martin, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsJacobaea auricula, photograph Javier martin, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons 6 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-3.8°C
Record low -11.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
31°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
393mm
10 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
12–47DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A rainy season, April to June and September to December, neither the cool nor the warm half of the year. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Jacobaea

Jacobaea is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Senecioneae and the family Asteraceae. Its members used to be placed in the genus Senecio, but have been separated into the segregate genus Jacobaea on the basis of molecular phylogenetics in order to maintain genera that are monophyletic.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Jacobaea", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season with no name: 70% of the median year's rain (283 mm of 399 mm) falls in April to June and September to December, whose mean temperature, 15.1 °C, is within half a degree of the year's, 15.1 °C, so it is neither the cooler nor the warmer part of the year. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: March to June and October to December.

Rain

399 mm in the median year at the habitat, 283 mm of it April to June and September to December. Wettest month May at 48 mm, driest month July at 14 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 303 mm to 526 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 393 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 399 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 12 to 47 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 10, the highest 90th-percentile month 50).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -3.8 °C, the absolute minimum -11.3 °C, 1,428 frost nights in 44 years, 32.5 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 36.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 1.8 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -0.1 °C to 5.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.8 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -3.8 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 51 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -86 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Jacobaea auricula through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 31 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 1.8 °C; 399 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost36.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-11.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075mm rainDLI 12–47RH 51–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 204 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C10 / 9–1412 / 10–1516 / 14–1818 / 16–2022 / 20–2427 / 25–2931 / 28–3330 / 28–3226 / 24–2720 / 18–2314 / 12–1811 / 9–15
Night °C2 / 0–52 / 1–65 / 3–87 / 4–1011 / 8–1315 / 13–1718 / 15–2018 / 15–2115 / 13–1810 / 9–146 / 4–103 / 1–7
Rain mm28 / 22–3927 / 22–3727 / 22–3647 / 32–6248 / 30–6530 / 15–4414 / 3–2620 / 8–3337 / 25–5246 / 36–6040 / 32–5335 / 24–52
DLI14 / 12–1721 / 18–2330 / 27–3237 / 35–3943 / 40–4447 / 44–4947 / 45–5041 / 39–4433 / 30–3423 / 20–2516 / 14–1812 / 10–15
RH %61 / 57–6358 / 56–6055 / 54–5754 / 53–5754 / 51–5652 / 48–5651 / 45–5653 / 46–5755 / 51–5858 / 56–6060 / 57–6262 / 58–64
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 204 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (358 records in those cells; 4 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 950:3558 (42.475, -2.075). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -11.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -3.8 °C, 99th-percentile day 36.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 204 distinct grid cells holding 358 of the 366 in-range records (4 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 950:3558 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 42.50_-1.875, lapse-corrected -86 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 411 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

This species has no GBIF key of its own. Its records are GBIF's under the key of the name Kew's World Checklist holds as this plant: 3097241 (Senecio auricula Bourgeau ex Coss., 819 records). No name was matched to GBIF; the keys are read from Kew's synonymy. How.

NativeSpain, Algeria · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker42.256, -1.528 · in the densest population, 369 records (83% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous geophyte” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 445 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 358 of them in the land cells it reads, of 366 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 93 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 90 km away. 79 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
Other GBIF keysRecords also from GBIF's key 3097241 (Senecio auricula Bourgeau ex Coss.): Kew's file holds it as Senecio auricula Bourg. ex Coss. (synonym under Jacobaea auricula (Bourg. ex Coss.) Pelser); 819 records, from GBIF's download.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 445 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Jacobaea auricula, photograph 1did not loadJacobaea auricula, photograph 2did not loadJacobaea auricula, photograph 3did not loadJacobaea auricula, photograph 4did not loadJacobaea auricula, photograph 5did not load

Photographs: Javier martinlo, CC BY-SA 3.0 es, via Wikimedia Commons; Krzysztof Ziarnek, Kenraiz, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Javier martin, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons (3).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Stipa barbata Stipa barbata Poaceae Photo: CC BY, Mehdi ChetibiStrigosella africana Strigosella africana African mustard Photo: CC BY, Rajan RaoArtemisia herba-alba Artemisia herba-alba White wormwood Photo: CC BY, Katrin SimonHelianthemum squamatum Helianthemum squamatum Cistaceae Photo: CC BY, Tom FieldGypsophila struthium Gypsophila struthium Caryophyllaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedLepidium subulatum Lepidium subulatum Brassicaceae Photo: CC BY, Mikel Etxeberria Okariz

Other Jacobaea 16 in the reference

Jacobaea abrotanifolia Jacobaea abrotanifolia Pinnate-leaved Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Gianmaria BonariJacobaea adonidifolia Jacobaea adonidifolia Adonis-leaved Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Antoine ThivolleJacobaea alpina Jacobaea alpina Alpine ragwort Photo: CC BY, Claude KolwelterJacobaea analoga Jacobaea analoga Himalayan Golden Daisy Photo: Public domain, Dr. Altaf Ahmad DastiJacobaea aquatica Jacobaea aquatica Marsh Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Joss CarrJacobaea cannabifolia Jacobaea cannabifolia Aleutian ragwort Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoJacobaea carniolica Jacobaea carniolica Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, CenaidaJacobaea erratica Jacobaea erratica Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedJacobaea erucifolia Jacobaea erucifolia Hoary ragwort Photo: CC0, author not statedJacobaea incana Jacobaea incana Grey Ragwort Photo: CC BY, Louis AuregliaJacobaea leucophylla Jacobaea leucophylla Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Hannah RogersJacobaea maritima Jacobaea maritima Silver ragwort Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinha all 17 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Senecio auricula; Senecio auricula subsp. sicoricus; Senecio auricula var. sicoricus; Senecio auricula subsp. castellanus. (WCVP, RBG Kew)

IPNIPOWOWikidataWFO

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(Bourg. ex Coss.) Pelser
Native to
Spain, Algeria
Wild records
445 in range · 93 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
Kew's names (WCVP) kew.names answeredas of 2026-06-04Kew's entry Jacobaea auricula (Bourg. ex Coss.) Pelser (plant_name_id 3082385), read from Kew's names file
GBIF species record gbif.species not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21this species has no GBIF key of its own; its records are read under GBIF's keys for the names Kew's file holds as this plant, never by a name matched; GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 819 records of GBIF's key 3097241, Senecio auricula Bourgeau ex Coss. (Kew's file holds it as Senecio auricula Bourg. ex Coss. (synonym under Jacobaea auricula (Bourg. ex Coss.) Pelser)): the GBIF download; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 42.50_-1.875, lapse-corrected -86 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22found by Kew's IPNI identifier 60443483-2, POWO 60443483-2
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild not asked
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media not askedGBIF's backbone holds no one accepted species of this name, and a name it holds only as another species' synonym is not taken for this one, so GBIF's records were not asked
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 39 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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