Species
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Jasminum sambac (L.) Aiton

Arabian Jasmine, Diameia; Arabian jasmine, Marol, Menuh

Climate known 31 photographs
Add one to my plants Sow seed

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Jasminum sambac is a species of jasmine native to Bhutan and India. It is cultivated in many places, especially West Asia, South Asia and Southeast Asia. It is naturalised in many scattered locales: Mauritius, Madagascar, the Maldives, Christmas Island, Chiapas, Central America, southern Florida, the Bahamas, Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles.

Text from Wikipedia, “Jasminum sambac”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Jasminum

Jasmine is a genus of shrubs and vines in the olive family of Oleaceae. It contains around 200 species native to tropical and warm temperate regions of Asia, Africa, and Oceania. Jasmines are widely cultivated for the characteristic fragrance of their flowers.

Text from Wikipedia, “Jasmine”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family
Oleaceae
Described by
(L.) Aiton
Native to
East Himalaya, India
Wild records
408 in range· 302 open

At a glance

Warmest month
38°C
May, mean day; nights 26 °C (CHELSA)
Rain
1013mm/yr
6 wet months · peak Jul 259 mm (CHELSA)
Light
27–44DLI
mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)
In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person
Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern). Habitat rain 1013 mm a year, wettest July at 259 mm, driest December at 8 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 44 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 11.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).
Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Jasminum bicorollatum Noronha; Jasminum blancoi Hassk.; Jasminum fragrans Salisb.; Jasminum heyneanum Wall. ex G.Don; Jasminum odoratum Noronha and 34 more.

Cultivation

Its year Rain rule: a summer growing season, June to September in the northern hemisphere (June to September at the habitat, northern).

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the year's rain (800 mm of 1013 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 28.8 °C against a yearly mean of 26.4 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 1013 mm a year, wettest July at 259 mm, driest December at 8 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

1013 mm a year at the habitat, 800 mm of it June to September. Wettest month July at 259 mm, driest December at 8 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 643 mm to 2047 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 44 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 11.5 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 11.5 °C, the absolute minimum 8.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 39.3 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 14.5 °C in January (across the envelope cells 7.5 °C to 19.9 °C), warmest day 37.6 °C in May (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 11.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 49 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat climate through the yearMean day from 26 °C in Dec to 38 °C in May; mean night from 15 °C in Jan to 27 °C in Jun. The cold quarter, Dec to Feb, is the three months around the coldest night. 1013 mm of rain a year, most in Jul. The bands show the 10th to 90th percentile across 374 habitat cells. Over 44 years at the typical cell the absolute minimum was 8.6 °C and the 99th-percentile day 39.3 °C; neither is dated to a month. Beneath: daily light integral and relative humidity through the year, each on its own scale.10°20°30°40°50°39.3° 99th-percentile day (undated)8.6° lowest night in 44 yrs (undated)°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500600mm rainDLI 27–44RH 49–66 %JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 374 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 20–3029 / 23–3233 / 29–3536 / 32–3838 / 32–4035 / 28–3931 / 27–3431 / 27–3331 / 28–3330 / 28–3328 / 26–3026 / 22–29
Night °C15 / 8–2016 / 10–2120 / 15–2323 / 20–2626 / 22–2827 / 23–2826 / 22–2725 / 22–2624 / 21–2521 / 18–2418 / 13–2315 / 9–21
Rain mm12 / 2–2412 / 1–2915 / 2–3718 / 3–6041 / 11–152126 / 55–354259 / 91–543231 / 112–416184 / 95–30289 / 14–21218 / 6–1458 / 2–38
DLI31 / 25–3636 / 31–4041 / 38–4444 / 41–4744 / 38–4734 / 29–4227 / 24–3327 / 23–3331 / 27–3532 / 29–3529 / 27–3229 / 24–32
RH %55 / 48–6052 / 45–5949 / 42–6049 / 39–6252 / 42–6357 / 49–6864 / 58–7066 / 59–7063 / 57–6859 / 48–6454 / 47–6354 / 48–61

Each figure is the median across the 374 grid cells holding the 403 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1548:5178 (12.575, 78.925). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 8.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 11.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 39.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 374 distinct grid cells holding the 403 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1548:5178 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 12.50_78.750, lapse-corrected +300 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 718 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeEast Himalaya, India· introduced: Mauritius, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Maldives, Cambodia, Jawa, Christmas I., Gilbert Is., Vanuatu, Tubuai Is., Caroline Is., Marianas, Marshall Is., Mexico Southeast, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Bahamas, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Jamaica, Leeward Is. AB Ant, Puerto Rico, Trinidad-Tobago, Windward Is.
Kew's description“scrambling shrub” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Map marker17.207, 80.838 · in the densest population, 185 records (45% of those in range)
Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 408 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 302 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1197 km away. 546 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 5 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km and stay on the map but off the climate.
The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 408 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Jasminum sambacJasminum sambacJasminum sambacJasminum sambacJasminum sambacJasminum sambacJasminum sambacJasminum sambac

Photographs: (c) Daniel Z, some rights reserved (CC BY); no rights reserved · CC0; (c) Amaljit Bharali, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA); (c) Andre Hosper, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Ong Jyh Seng, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (2); (c) Nathasha K V, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Jasminum sambac, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Aging Potentials of Essential Oils from Aromatic and Medicinal Plants
Muhammad Ayaz, Abdul Sadiq, Muhammad Junaid, Farhat Ullah (2017) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
Phytosynthesis of stable Au, Ag and Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles using J. Sambac leaves extract, and their enhanced antimicrobial activity in presence of organic antimicrobials
S. Yallappa, J. Manjanna, Bhadrapura Lakkappa Dhananjaya (2014) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
Identification of Potent Odorants in Chinese Jasmine Green Tea Scented with Flowers of Jasminum sambac
Yuriko Ito, Akio SUGIMOTO, Takami Kakuda, Kikue Kubota (2002) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry
Mechanisms of Gastroprotective Effects of Ethanolic Leaf Extract ofJasminum sambacagainst HCl/Ethanol-Induced Gastric Mucosal Injury in Rats
Ahmed S. AlRashdi, Suzy Munir Salama, Salim Said Alkiyumi, Mahmood Ameen Abdulla (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anti-pyretic activities of standardized root extract of Jasminum sambac
Nidhi Sengar, Apurva Joshi, Satyendra K. Prasad, S Hemalatha (2014) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology
Colletotrichum species from Jasmine (Jasminum sambac)
Saowanee Wikee, Lei Cai, Noireung Pairin, Eric H. C. McKenzie (2010) · Fungal Diversity
Enzymatic production and emission of floral scent volatiles in Jasminum sambac
Paramita Bera, Chiranjit Mukherjee, Adinpunya Mitra (2016) · Plant Science
Antioxidant and antiaging activities of Jasminum Sambac extract, and its compounds
Wahyu Widowati, BWidya Janeva, Sri Nadya, Annisa Amalia (2018) · Journal of Reports in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Stimulating Effect of Aromatherapy Massage with Jasmine Oil
Tapanee Hongratanaworakit (2010) · Natural Product Communications
Formation of Flower Fragrance Compounds from Their Precursors by Enzymic Action during Flower Opening
Naoharu Watanabe, Shuzo Watanabe, Ryuta Nakajima, Jae‐Hak Moon (1993) · Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry

Similar habitat climate the 6 species whose habitat climate is nearest this one's: mean day and night, month by month, and rain on a log scale, in calendar order, so a habitat with the same seasons six months out is far, not near. Nothing else counts: not range, not family.

Other Jasminum 5 in the reference

History & registers

Where this page came from built 2026-09-20 · dossier v2 · node
gbif.species answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.synonyms answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
gbif.vernacular answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (offline re-derivation; the backbone was not asked)
wcvp.distribution answered
gbif.occurrences answeredGBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.3h4zam
climate answered
wikidata answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
wikipedia answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.taxon not asked
inat.photos.wild answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped
inat.photos.cultivated nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: filled 2026-09-20
commons nothing to reportcarried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive); that build: carried from build of 2026-09-19 (rederive)
gbif.media answered
openalex answeredcarried from build of 2026-09-19; this build: skipped

Every upstream is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, or refused. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 101 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.