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An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Jatropha vernicosa; photograph (c) Sula Vanderplank, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Sula Vanderplank, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2025-10-27

Jatropha vernicosa Brandegee

Euphorbiaceae · Mexico Northwest

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Jatropha vernicosa, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJatropha vernicosa, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJatropha vernicosa, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJatropha vernicosa, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedJatropha vernicosa, photograph (c) Sula Vanderplank, some rights reserved (CC BY)Jatropha vernicosa, photograph (c) Sula Vanderplank, some rights reserved (CC BY) 74 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
10.5°C
Record low 5.6 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
32°C
Jun, Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
255mm
3 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
26–52DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes July to October, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Jatropha

Jatropha is a genus of flowering plants in the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae. The name is derived from the Greek words ἰατρός (iatros), meaning "physician", and τροφή (trophe), meaning "nutrition", hence the common name physic nut. Another common name is nettlespurge. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Jatropha", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (200 mm of 266 mm) falls in July to October, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 26.3 °C against a yearly mean of 22.1 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: January to April.

Rain

266 mm in the median year at the habitat, 200 mm of it July to October. Wettest month September at 80 mm, driest month May at 0 mm; 4 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 195 mm to 496 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 255 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 266 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 52 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 25, the highest 90th-percentile month 53).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 10.5 °C, the absolute minimum 5.6 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 11.8 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 8.6 °C to 14.0 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 32.3 °C in June and July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 10.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 42 to 57% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +267 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Jatropha vernicosa through the yearWarmest months June, July and August, mean daily high 32 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 11.8 °C; 266 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.0°5°10°15°20°25°30°35°40°34.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER5.6° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 26–52RH 42–57%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 50 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C22 / 20–2423 / 21–2525 / 23–2727 / 26–3030 / 28–3232 / 30–3532 / 30–3532 / 30–3531 / 29–3329 / 27–3126 / 24–2722 / 20–24
Night °C12 / 9–1412 / 9–1413 / 10–1415 / 12–1616 / 14–1819 / 18–2122 / 20–2423 / 20–2522 / 19–2419 / 16–2116 / 12–1813 / 9–15
Rain mm21 / 16–279 / 7–114 / 2–610 / 0–12 / 1–230 / 16–5966 / 45–13380 / 55–19624 / 10–4410 / 7–1619 / 16–22
DLI28 / 27–3034 / 33–3643 / 42–4349 / 48–4952 / 51–5352 / 50–5346 / 44–4843 / 41–4439 / 37–4036 / 35–3730 / 29–3126 / 25–27
RH %50 / 46–5447 / 44–5045 / 42–4942 / 40–4742 / 38–4744 / 39–4950 / 47–5653 / 51–6057 / 52–6352 / 47–5752 / 47–5552 / 47–55
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 50 grid cells holding the 61 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1329:1398 (23.525, -110.075). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 5.6 °C, 1st-percentile night 10.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 50 distinct grid cells holding 61 of the 61 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1329:1398 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.50_-110.000, lapse-corrected +267 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 542 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMexico Northwest · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker23.656, -109.918 · in the densest population, 160 records (87% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub or tree” · “desert or dry shrubland” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 184 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 61 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 108 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 44 km away. 123 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 184 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Jatropha vernicosa, photograph 1did not loadJatropha vernicosa, photograph 2did not loadJatropha vernicosa, photograph 3did not loadJatropha vernicosa, photograph 4did not loadJatropha vernicosa, photograph 5did not loadJatropha vernicosa, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (4); (c) Sula Vanderplank, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Brahea brandegeei Brahea brandegeei San Jose hesper palm Photo: CC BY, Abraham Sánchez RomeroEuphorbia xanti Euphorbia xanti Baja Spurge Photo: CC0, author not statedCalliandra peninsularis Calliandra peninsularis Fabaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedBahiopsis deltoidea Bahiopsis deltoidea Goldeneye Photo: CC0, author not statedHechtia montana Hechtia montana Mountain Hechtia Photo: CC BY, Abraham Sánchez RomeroCochemiea phitauiana Cochemiea phitauiana Cactaceae Photo: CC BY, MarvalPhotography19

Other Jatropha 25 in the reference

Jatropha andrieuxii Euphorbiaceae Jatropha cardiophylla Jatropha cardiophylla Heartleaf limberbush Photo: CC BY, Bruce HartmanJatropha cathartica Jatropha cathartica Berlander's nettlespurge Photo: CC BY, Annika LindqvistJatropha cinerea Jatropha cinerea Ashy jatropha Photo: CC BY, Enrique Martínez NúñezJatropha cordata Jatropha cordata Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC BY, Sue CarnahanJatropha cuneata Jatropha cuneata Leatherplant Photo: CC BY, Abraham Sánchez RomeroJatropha curcas Jatropha curcas Barbados nut Photo: CC BY, Francisco Farriols SarabiaJatropha dhofarica Jatropha dhofarica Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC BY, Joey BomJatropha dioica Jatropha dioica Leatherwood Photo: CC0, author not statedJatropha excisa Jatropha excisa Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC0, Max BrujulaJatropha gaumeri Jatropha gaumeri Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC BY, Oscar Orlando Vazquez PiñaJatropha gossypiifolia Jatropha gossypiifolia Bellyache bush Photo: CC BY, Ben Machado all 26 ›

Names & registers

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Euphorbiaceae
Described by
Brandegee
Native to
Mexico Northwest
Wild records
184 in range · 108 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 23.50_-110.000, lapse-corrected +267 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 18 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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