Kalanchoe marmorata, Arroyo Seco, MX-QE, MX

Kalanchoe marmorata Baker

Penwiper, penwiper

Climate known 43 photographs Cactus or succulent

Every figure on this page is derived from public data by a stated rule and says its source; nothing here is written by a person or a model, except the Wikipedia passage, which is quoted and marked as such. How it is made.

Summary

Kalanchoe marmorata, commonly known as the penwiper or spotted kalanchoe, is a species of flowering plant in the family Crassulaceae. It is a succulent perennial native to parts of central and East Africa, including the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Kenya, Rwanda, and Tanzania.

Text from Wikipedia, “Kalanchoe marmorata”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written. Kept separate from everything derived here.

About the genus · Kalanchoe

Kalanchoe, , is a genus of about 125 species of tropical, succulent plants in the stonecrop family Crassulaceae, mainly native to Madagascar and tropical Africa. A Kalanchoe species was one of the first plants to be sent into space, sent on a resupply to the Soviet Salyut 6 space station in 1979.

Text from Wikipedia, “Kalanchoe”, CC BY-SA 4.0, quoted as written.

Family

Crassulaceae

Described by

Baker

Native to

Rwanda, Zaïre, Eritrea +6

Wild records

49 in range· 41 open

At a glance

Warmest month

25°C

Mar, mean day; nights 14 °C (CHELSA)

Rain

745mm/yr

11 wet months · peak Apr 132 mm (CHELSA)

Light

32–40DLI

mol/m²/day, winter to summer, open sky (CHELSA shortwave)

In short condensed by rule from the cultivation cards · not written by a person

Grouped as a cactus or succulent by the genus Kalanchoe, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, March to May and July to September at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.7 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred. Habitat rain 745 mm a year, wettest April at 132 mm, driest January at 20 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere). Open sky over the habitat: 32 to 40 mol/m²/day. Cold floor 7.0 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

Each sentence is one card's own one-line form, written by the same rule as the card (Its year, Rain, Light, Temperature); the note cannot say what a card does not. Months are given for the northern hemisphere (set your site in Settings to change this), and the habitat's own alongside. The cards · the figures.

Also known as Kalanchoe grandiflora A.Rich.; Kalanchoe kelleriana Schinz; Kalanchoe macrantha Baker; Kalanchoe macrantha Baker ex Maire; Kalanchoe macrantha f. somaliensis (Baker) Pamp. and 9 more.

Cultivation

Grouped as a cactus or succulent by the genus Kalanchoe, which is reliably one kind of plant (archetype table). The table holds no figure for this group, which spans too much for one minimum; the cold floor is the habitat's alone, and no prose comes from the table.

Its year Rain rule: a sharp rainy season, March to May and July to September at the habitat (not shifted); the temperature curve is flat (2.7 °C of range), so no growing season is inferred.

This species’ habitat figures, and what two fixed rules read from them.

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the year's rain (531 mm of 745 mm) falls in March to May and July to September. The temperature curve is flat, 2.7 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere, within 10° of the equator; with no thermal season there there is no season to reverse, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the envelope cells: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve gives a season to reverse. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain Habitat rain 745 mm a year, wettest April at 132 mm, driest January at 20 mm (habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

745 mm a year at the habitat, 531 mm of it March to May and July to September. Wettest month April at 132 mm, driest January at 20 mm. Across the envelope cells the year's total runs 561 mm to 1340 mm (10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year) (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; habitat calendar, northern hemisphere).

CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the envelope cells. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light Open sky over the habitat: 32 to 40 mol/m²/day.

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Open sky over the habitat: 32 to 40 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 27, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Warmth and air Cold floor 7.0 °C (1st-percentile habitat night, NASA POWER).

This species’ habitat figures, with their source.

Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell is 7.0 °C, the absolute minimum 1.1 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 30.7 °C. Monthly means: coldest night 11.8 °C in December (across the envelope cells 8.9 °C to 18.6 °C), warmest day 25.2 °C in March (median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). Cold floor: 7.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at the typical cell (NASA POWER).

NASA POWER daily minima and maxima 1981–2024 at the typical cell, lapse-corrected to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA. The cold floor is the figure named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 52 to 61% across the year (monthly means, median year across the envelope cells, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the envelope cells.

The figures the cards read from are in Climate below, and where they came from in Natural habitat.

Climate across the habitat

day night rain 10th–90th percentile across 46 habitat cells cold quarter: the three months around the coldest night extremes over 44 years at the typical cell, marked at the edge: undated DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale

Figures by month

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Day °C	24 / 21–28	25 / 22–29	25 / 23–28	25 / 22–28	24 / 21–28	24 / 21–29	22 / 20–28	22 / 21–28	23 / 22–29	24 / 21–27	23 / 21–27	23 / 20–28
Night °C	12 / 9–19	13 / 10–19	14 / 11–19	14 / 12–19	14 / 12–18	13 / 11–18	13 / 10–18	13 / 11–18	13 / 11–18	13 / 11–18	12 / 9–19	12 / 9–19
Rain mm	20 / 11–88	27 / 14–85	73 / 41–154	132 / 60–209	95 / 53–154	45 / 13–108	67 / 11–230	102 / 9–243	62 / 11–161	58 / 19–145	38 / 10–134	26 / 9–112
DLI	38 / 35–41	40 / 37–43	40 / 36–43	37 / 32–44	36 / 30–43	33 / 29–39	32 / 27–35	34 / 30–37	37 / 34–41	38 / 33–42	37 / 33–41	37 / 33–39
RH %	53 / 49–62	52 / 47–60	53 / 51–61	59 / 53–68	60 / 51–68	59 / 51–65	61 / 52–66	60 / 51–67	58 / 51–64	56 / 52–65	55 / 49–67	55 / 50–64

Each figure is the median across the 46 grid cells holding the 48 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. Extremes and elevation were read at the typical cell 1614:4442 (9.275, 42.125). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 1.1 °C, 1st-percentile night 7.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 30.7 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Envelope: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 46 distinct grid cells holding the 48 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1614:4442 (its coldest month's mean night nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 9.50_41.875, lapse-corrected +365 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 2009 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across every in-range record's cell, not at the marker.

Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.

NativeRwanda, Zaïre, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda· introduced: Tunisia, Zimbabwe, Leeward Is. AB Ant

Kew's description“succulent subshrub or shrub” · “seasonally dry tropical”· quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here

Map marker7.933, 38.717 · in the densest population, 21 records (43% of those in range)

Evidence usedThe map marker and the climate envelope rest on all 49 georeferenced records inside the native range; the map shows only the 41 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 312 km away. 45 records outside the range (gardens, roadsides, misidentifications) ignored. 1 in-range record is placed to worse than 10 km and stays on the map but off the climate.

The map markerthe map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 49 in-range records; it decides nothing.

Photographs

Photographs: (c) nberhe, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) Sandino Guerrero, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); (c) Daniel Cahen, some rights reserved (CC BY).

Photographs: iNaturalist did not answer when this page was built; what is shown came from the sources that did.

Papers naming this species

Works whose title or abstract names Kalanchoe marmorata, most cited first, from OpenAlex (CC0). A mention, not a cultivation source: nothing on this page is drawn from them.

Phenolics from Kalanchoe marmorata Baker, Family Crassulaceae

Abdel Nasser B. Singab, Sherweit H. El‐Ahmady, Rola M. Labib, Sally Saad Fekry (2011) · Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University

In vitro Antibacterial Evaluation of Four Selected Medicinal Plants against Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Bovine Mastitis in Mieso District West Hararghe Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

Balisa Yusuf, Bruk Abraha, Kedir Salih, Abdallahi Abdurahman (2022) · The Open Microbiology Journal

Kalanchoe thrysiflora Harv. and Kalanchoe marmorata Baker; DNA Profiling, biological guided fractionation of different extracts; isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds

Abdel Nasser B. Singab, Rola Milad, Sally Saad, Sherweit H. El‐Ahmady (2012)

Plant Life Forms in Thermal Regulation and Self Purification of Urban Housing Environments

S.H. Raza (1995) · Indoor Environment

Plant Life Forms in Thermal Regulation and Self Purification of Urban Housing Environments

S.H. Raza (1995) · Indoor and Built Environment

Studies of tolerance of certain succulent plants to ambient air sulfur dioxide levels in urban environments of a city in India — a new approach

S.H. Raza, Gunasekaran Shylaja (1992) · International Journal of Environmental Studies

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