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Kleinia madagascariensis; photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SASalicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Kleinia madagascariensis (Humbert) P.Halliday

Asteraceae · Madagascar

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Kleinia madagascariensis, photograph Pieter Pelser, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia CommonsKleinia madagascariensis, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsKleinia madagascariensis, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsKleinia madagascariensis, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsKleinia madagascariensis, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsKleinia madagascariensis, photograph Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 10 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Coldest month, mean nightly low
19.2°C
Jul at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Jan, Feb, Mar and Dec at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
422mm
4 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
27–49DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to September (December to March at the habitat), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 4 records in 3 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Kleinia madagascariensis is a species of flowering plant in the genus Kleinia and the family Asteraceae and is endemic to Madagascar.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Kleinia madagascariensis", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Kleinia

Kleinia is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family. Kleinia contains around 50 species and is distributed from Morocco and the Canary Islands, throughout Sub-Saharan Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, South Asia and Indochina. It is closely related to the genus Senecio but is distinguished primarily by having succulent stems or leaves.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Kleinia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (342 mm of 422 mm) falls in December to March, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 27.3 °C against a yearly mean of 25.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: June to September.

Rain

422 mm in the median year at the habitat, 342 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 131 mm, driest month August at 3 mm; 1 month under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 414 mm to 448 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 422 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 422 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 27 to 49 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 26, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 19.2 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 17.2 °C to 19.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.0 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 19.2 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, July, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 59 to 64% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 4 records in 3 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Kleinia madagascariensis through the yearWarmest months January, February, March and December, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 19.2 °C; 422 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.15°20°25°30°35°°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125150mm rainDLI 27–49RH 59–64%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 3 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C30 / 30–3130 / 30–3130 / 30–3129 / 29–3127 / 27–2926 / 26–2725 / 25–2626 / 26–2827 / 27–2928 / 28–3029 / 29–3130 / 29–31
Night °C25 / 25–2625 / 25–2625 / 24–2524 / 22–2422 / 20–2220 / 18–2019 / 17–1920 / 18–2020 / 19–2122 / 21–2223 / 23–2425 / 24–25
Rain mm131 / 129–13794 / 92–9451 / 50–5216 / 16–18117 / 7–85 / 5–73 / 3–47 / 7–88 / 8–1123 / 22–2366 / 64–76
DLI44 / 44–4543 / 43–4341 / 40–4136 / 35–3630 / 29–3027 / 26–2729 / 28–2934 / 33–3441 / 41–4147 / 46–4749 / 49–4948 / 48–48
RH %64 / 62–6464 / 61–6463 / 60–6361 / 58–6261 / 58–6160 / 57–6059 / 56–6060 / 55–6161 / 55–6262 / 57–6363 / 58–6363 / 60–63

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 36% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 16.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 19.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 31.9 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 3 grid cells holding the 4 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2253:4466 (-22.675, 43.325). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 3 distinct grid cells holding 4 of the 4 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2253:4466 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 36% land and none of the 1 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -22.50_43.125, lapse-corrected -8 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 9 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeMadagascar · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-23.44, 43.805 · in the densest population, 14 records (67% of those in range)
Kew's description“seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 21 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 4 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 17 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 11 km away. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 17 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 21 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Kleinia madagascariensis, photograph 1did not loadKleinia madagascariensis, photograph 2did not loadKleinia madagascariensis, photograph 3did not loadKleinia madagascariensis, photograph 4did not loadKleinia madagascariensis, photograph 5did not loadKleinia madagascariensis, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Pieter Pelser, CC BY 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons; Salicyna, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (5).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Cyphostemma elephantopus Cyphostemma elephantopus Vitaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedCommiphora lamii Commiphora lamii Burseraceae Photo: CC BY, amantedarmaninMoringa drouhardii Moringa drouhardii Bottle Tree Photo: CC BY, amantedarmaninUncarina abbreviata Uncarina abbreviata Pedaliaceae Photo: CC BY, amantedarmaninDidierea madagascariensis Didierea madagascariensis Octopus-tree Photo: CC BY, Jack ForresterDelonix floribunda Delonix floribunda Fabaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated

Other Kleinia 21 in the reference

Kleinia abyssinica Kleinia abyssinica Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Leigh WinowieckiKleinia amaniensis Kleinia amaniensis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Pieter PelserKleinia anteuphorbium Kleinia anteuphorbium Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Loïc ChalmandrierKleinia barbertonica Kleinia barbertonica Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Presha SoogrimKleinia cephalophora Kleinia cephalophora Blazing Glory Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo Kleinia deflersii Asteraceae Kleinia descoingsii Asteraceae Kleinia fulgens Kleinia fulgens Coral Ragwort Photo: CC BY, katuchkaKleinia galpinii Kleinia galpinii Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, katuchkaKleinia grandiflora Kleinia grandiflora Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Daniel CahenKleinia grantii Kleinia grantii Asteraceae Photo: Public domain, DaderotKleinia gregorii Kleinia gregorii Peppermint stick Photo: CC BY-SA, C T Johansson all 22 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Notonia madagascariensis; Senecio longiflorus subsp. madagascariensis. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Senecio madagascariensis (Humbert) H.Jacobsen is an older name of this species, not Senecio madagascariensis, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(Humbert) P.Halliday
Native to
Madagascar
Wild records
21 in range · 17 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -22.50_43.125, lapse-corrected -8 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (36% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 4 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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