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Leucadendron corymbosum; photograph (c) Paul Emms, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) CC BY-SA(c) Paul Emms, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) · observed growing wild · 2026-05-05

Leucadendron corymbosum P.J.Bergius

Swartveld Conebush; Pineapple Conebush; Swartland Conebush; Brunia-Leaf Protea

Proteaceae · Cape Provinces

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Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph (c) Paul Emms, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph (c) Paul Emms, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph (c) Vicente Lopes, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph (c) Vicente Lopes, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph (c) Vicente Lopes, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph (c) Vicente Lopes, some rights reserved (CC BY) 95 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
4.4°C
Record low 2.0 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Feb at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,085mm
11 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
16–53DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes November to March (May to September at the habitat), read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Leucadendron corymbosum, the swartveld conebush, is a flower-bearing shrub that belongs to the genus Leucadendron and forms part of the fynbos. The plant is native to the Western Cape and occurs from Michells Pass to Paarl. The shrub grows up to 2 m high.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Leucadendron corymbosum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Leucadendron

Leucadendron is a genus of about 80 species of flowering plants in the family Proteaceae, endemic to the Cape Provinces and KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa, where they are a prominent part of the fynbos ecoregion and vegetation type.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Leucadendron", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (784 mm of 1,096 mm) falls in May to September, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 12.7 °C against a yearly mean of 17.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: November to March.

Rain

1,096 mm in the median year at the habitat, 784 mm of it May to September. Wettest month July at 201 mm, driest month February at 24 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 541 mm to 1,865 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,085 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,096 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 16 to 53 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 54).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 4.4 °C, the absolute minimum 2.0 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 38.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 6.3 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 5.1 °C to 6.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 29.7 °C in February (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 4.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 53 to 61% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -127 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Leucadendron corymbosum through the yearWarmest month February, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 6.3 °C; 1,096 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°38.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER2.0° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 16–53RH 53–61%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 35 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C29 / 28–3130 / 29–3128 / 27–2924 / 23–2520 / 20–2117 / 16–1816 / 16–1717 / 16–1819 / 18–2022 / 21–2325 / 24–2628 / 26–29
Night °C16 / 15–1716 / 16–1715 / 15–1613 / 12–1310 / 9–117 / 6–86 / 5–77 / 6–78 / 7–910 / 10–1113 / 12–1315 / 14–15
Rain mm29 / 14–5624 / 11–4240 / 19–6079 / 44–133143 / 71–247184 / 91–309201 / 95–305147 / 76–252109 / 54–18659 / 28–11646 / 20–8835 / 17–73
DLI53 / 53–5448 / 47–4939 / 38–4028 / 27–2820 / 19–2116 / 16–1718 / 17–1823 / 22–2431 / 31–3241 / 41–4250 / 49–5053 / 52–53
RH %53 / 51–5653 / 52–5654 / 52–5756 / 54–5958 / 56–6060 / 57–6159 / 58–6161 / 59–6259 / 58–6156 / 55–5855 / 53–5753 / 52–56
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 35 grid cells holding the 184 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2468:3980 (-33.425, 19.025). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 2.0 °C, 1st-percentile night 4.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 38.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 35 distinct grid cells holding 184 of the 184 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2468:3980 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -33.50_18.750, lapse-corrected -127 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 70 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCape Provinces · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-33.47, 19.061 · in the densest population, 244 records (100% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 244 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 184 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 63 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 60 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 244 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Leucadendron corymbosum, photograph 1did not loadLeucadendron corymbosum, photograph 2did not loadLeucadendron corymbosum, photograph 3did not loadLeucadendron corymbosum, photograph 4did not loadLeucadendron corymbosum, photograph 5did not loadLeucadendron corymbosum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Paul Emms, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (2); (c) Vicente Lopes, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Geissorhiza purpureolutea Geissorhiza purpureolutea Milk Winecup Photo: CC BY, Sam McCarrenBabiana villosa Babiana villosa Scarlet Bobbejaantjie Photo: CC BY-SA, Cecile RouxOedera fruticosa Oedera fruticosa Lineleaf Perdekaroo Photo: CC BY-SA, Jacques van der MerweIxia viridiflora Ixia viridiflora Azure Kalossie Photo: CC BY, linkieLeucadendron lanigerum Leucadendron lanigerum Shale Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, douglaseustonbrownBabiana melanops Babiana melanops Blackeye Bobbejaantjie Photo: CC BY, Morten Ross

Other Leucadendron 39 in the reference

Leucadendron argenteum Leucadendron argenteum Silver Tree Photo: CC BY, Jeremy GilmoreLeucadendron chamelaea Leucadendron chamelaea Witsenberg Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron cinereum Leucadendron cinereum Scraggly Conebush Photo: CC0, author not statedLeucadendron comosum Leucadendron comosum Ridge-cone Conebush Photo: CC BY, Ren HoekstraLeucadendron conicum Leucadendron conicum Garden Route Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, James DeaconLeucadendron coniferum Leucadendron coniferum Dune Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron discolor Leucadendron discolor Discolor Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron eucalyptifolium Leucadendron eucalyptifolium Gum-leaved Conebush Photo: CC BY, Karen EichholzLeucadendron floridum Leucadendron floridum Flats Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, James DeaconLeucadendron galpinii Leucadendron galpinii Hairless Conebush Photo: CC BY, ChristinaLeucadendron gandogeri Leucadendron gandogeri Broad-leaf Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony RebeloLeucadendron glaberrimum Leucadendron glaberrimum Common Oily Conebush Photo: CC BY-SA, Tony Rebelo all 40 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Protea bruniades; Protea corymbosa; Protea ericifolia. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Proteaceae
Described by
P.J.Bergius
Native to
Cape Provinces
Wild records
244 in range · 63 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 7 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 6 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -33.50_18.750, lapse-corrected -127 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 9 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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