Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Leucanthemum pallens; photograph (c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-05-17

Leucanthemum pallens (J.Gay ex Perreym.) DC.

Asteraceae · France, Spain +1

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Leucanthemum pallens, photograph (c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucanthemum pallens, photograph (c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucanthemum pallens, photograph (c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucanthemum pallens, photograph (c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY)Leucanthemum pallens, photograph (c) Benoit NABHOLZ, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA)Leucanthemum pallens, photograph (c) Benoit NABHOLZ, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) 39 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-4.3°C
Record low -13.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
26°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
913mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
10–44DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes September to January and April to May, with nights below freezing; no growing season read. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Leucanthemum

Leucanthemum is a genus of flowering plants in the aster family, Asteraceae. Species range naturally from Europe through the Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Siberia to the Russian Far East. Some species are known on other continents as introduced species, and some are cultivated as ornamental plants. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Leucanthemum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season and no growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (645 mm of 913 mm) falls in September to January and April to May, the cooler part of the year, but the mean nightly low is below freezing in February, so the rule reads no growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: March to July and October to November.

Rain

913 mm in the median year at the habitat, 645 mm of it September to January and April to May. Wettest month October at 109 mm, driest month July at 39 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 636 mm to 1,239 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 913 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 913 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 10 to 44 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 9, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -4.3 °C, the absolute minimum -13.3 °C, 1,727 frost nights in 44 years, 39.3 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 34.5 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -0.2 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -4.5 °C to 2.4 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 25.8 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -4.3 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 62% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +29 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Leucanthemum pallens through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 26 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -0.2 °C; 913 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-20°-10°0°10°20°30°40°frost34.5° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-13.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 10–44RH 55–62%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 830 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C7 / 4–109 / 5–1112 / 8–1414 / 11–1718 / 15–2122 / 19–2626 / 22–2926 / 22–2922 / 18–2417 / 14–1911 / 8–138 / 5–10
Night °C0 / -5–20 / -4–32 / -2–54 / 0–78 / 5–1112 / 8–1514 / 11–1815 / 11–1812 / 8–148 / 4–114 / 0–61 / -3–3
Rain mm77 / 45–10959 / 39–8259 / 40–8490 / 66–11886 / 62–12159 / 39–8739 / 20–6252 / 29–7688 / 47–135109 / 69–166101 / 62–14494 / 59–136
DLI12 / 10–1418 / 16–2126 / 25–2933 / 31–3639 / 36–4143 / 40–4644 / 40–4738 / 35–4129 / 27–3219 / 18–2213 / 11–1510 / 9–12
RH %61 / 57–6660 / 57–6458 / 56–6159 / 56–6158 / 56–6157 / 53–6155 / 51–6056 / 52–6058 / 55–6161 / 59–6462 / 59–6662 / 58–66
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 830 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1036 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 962:3644 (41.875, 2.225). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -13.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -4.3 °C, 99th-percentile day 34.5 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 830 distinct grid cells holding 1036 of the 1037 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 962:3644 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 42.00_2.500, lapse-corrected +29 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 596 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeFrance, Spain, Italy · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker44.31, 5.292 · in the densest population, 683 records (60% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1138 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1036 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1037 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 728 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 101 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1138 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Leucanthemum pallens, photograph 1did not loadLeucanthemum pallens, photograph 2did not loadLeucanthemum pallens, photograph 3did not loadLeucanthemum pallens, photograph 4did not loadLeucanthemum pallens, photograph 5did not loadLeucanthemum pallens, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Noé Fleury Frouart, some rights reserved (CC BY) (4); (c) Benoit NABHOLZ, some rights reserved (CC BY-SA) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Rhamnus saxatilis Rhamnus saxatilis Rock buckthorn Photo: CC BY, mycorocoKoeleria vallesiana Koeleria vallesiana Somerset hair-grass Photo: CC BY, Christoph MoningCatananche caerulea Catananche caerulea Blue cupidone Photo: CC BY, Marc RieraSatureja montana Satureja montana Winter savory Photo: CC BY, mycorocoLavandula × intermedia Lavandula × intermedia Dutch lavender Photo: CC BY-SA, jeanno973Genista hispanica Genista hispanica Spanish gorse Photo: CC BY, Denys Vynokurov

Other Leucanthemum 7 in the reference

Leucanthemum adustum Leucanthemum adustum Alpine oxeye daisy Photo: CC0, author not statedLeucanthemum atratum Leucanthemum atratum Saw-leaved Moon-daisy Photo: CC BY, carnifexLeucanthemum ircutianum Leucanthemum ircutianum Oxeye daisy Photo: CC0, author not statedLeucanthemum maximum Leucanthemum maximum Shasta daisy Photo: CC BY, Julia PalmerLeucanthemum platylepis Leucanthemum platylepis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, LjažLeucanthemum rotundifolium Leucanthemum rotundifolium Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Vasyl PokyncheredaLeucanthemum vulgare Leucanthemum vulgare Oxeye daisy Photo: CC BY-SA, Douglas Goldman

Names & registers

Also known as Chrysanthemum hispidum; Chrysanthemum leucanthemum subsp. pallens; Chrysanthemum leucanthemum var. pallens; Chrysanthemum montanum var. pallens; Chrysanthemum pallens and 11 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(J.Gay ex Perreym.) DC.
Native to
France, Spain, Italy
Wild records
1138 in range · 728 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 5 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (3 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 42.00_2.500, lapse-corrected +29 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 91 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…