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Ligularia przewalskii; photograph Martin Paliocha, CC BY, via GBIF CC BYMartin Paliocha, CC BY, via GBIF

Ligularia przewalskii (Maxim.) Diels

Przewalski's Leopard-Plant; Przewalskii's Leopard-plant

Asteraceae · China South-Central, Inner Mongolia +3

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Sow seed
Ligularia przewalskii, photograph Ian Barker, CC BY-SA, via GBIFLigularia przewalskii, photograph tim kuis, CC BY-SA, via GBIFLigularia przewalskii, photograph tim kuis, CC BY-SA, via GBIFLigularia przewalskii, photograph maria patrizia, CC BY-SA, via GBIFLigularia przewalskii, photograph Theodor Korsgaard, CC BY, via GBIFLigularia przewalskii, photograph Theodor Korsgaard, CC BY, via GBIF 19 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-17.7°C
Record low -22.4 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
15°C
Jul at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
955mm
8 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
19–39DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes June to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 5 records in 4 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Ligularia przewalskii, also called Przewalski's leopardplant and Przewalski's golden ray, is a species of perennial herbaceous plant in the genus Ligularia and the family Asteraceae, native to damp places in Mongolia and Northern China. Named after the Russian explorer Nikolai Przhevalsky, it used to be called Senecio przewalskii Maxim.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ligularia przewalskii", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Ligularia

Ligularia is a genus of Old World herbaceous perennial plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. They have yellow or orange composite flower heads with brown or yellow central disc florets, and are native to damp habitats mostly in central and eastern Asia, with a few species from Europe. There are about 120 to 140 species in the genus, and over half are endemic to China. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ligularia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (674 mm of 956 mm) falls in June to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 8.8 °C against a yearly mean of 0.0 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: December to March.

Rain

956 mm in the median year at the habitat, 674 mm of it June to September. Wettest months (2 at 189 mm), driest month December at 4 mm; 1 month under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 638 mm to 1,420 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 955 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 956 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 19 to 39 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 17, the highest 90th-percentile month 40).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -17.7 °C, the absolute minimum -22.4 °C, 10,866 frost nights in 44 years, 247.0 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 15.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -19.3 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -21.3 °C to -17.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 14.7 °C in July (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -17.7 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 55 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +870 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 5 records in 4 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Ligularia przewalskii through the yearWarmest month July, mean daily high 15 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -19.3 °C; 956 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°frost15.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-22.4° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200250mm rainDLI 19–39RH 55–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 4 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-6 / -9–-4-4 / -7–-20 / -3–25 / 2–810 / 7–1313 / 10–1615 / 13–1714 / 12–1711 / 9–135 / 4–7-1 / -3–1-5 / -8–-4
Night °C-19 / -21–-18-17 / -19–-16-12 / -14–-11-7 / -8–-5-1 / -3–13 / 2–56 / 5–85 / 4–72 / 1–3-4 / -6–-3-12 / -14–-10-18 / -21–-16
Rain mm5 / 4–119 / 5–2028 / 17–5758 / 34–111116 / 75–201166 / 106–237189 / 128–222189 / 139–213130 / 87–20351 / 32–11511 / 6–234 / 3–8
DLI21 / 19–2527 / 25–3134 / 33–3739 / 37–4037 / 34–4034 / 30–3834 / 31–3731 / 29–3426 / 22–2724 / 21–2522 / 19–2419 / 17–23
RH %56 / 54–5957 / 55–5957 / 54–5956 / 52–6260 / 54–6763 / 58–7065 / 60–7165 / 61–7166 / 62–7162 / 59–6756 / 54–6055 / 52–57
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 4 grid cells holding the 5 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1179:5657 (31.025, 102.875). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -22.4 °C, 1st-percentile night -17.7 °C, 99th-percentile day 15.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 4 distinct grid cells holding 5 of the 5 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1179:5657 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 31.00_103.125, lapse-corrected +870 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 3833 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeChina South-Central, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central, Qinghai, Mongolia · introduced: Great Britain, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Germany · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker34.56, 105.72 · in the densest population, 83 records (50% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 165 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 5 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 84 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 15 km away. 81 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 160 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 165 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Ligularia przewalskii, photograph 1did not loadLigularia przewalskii, photograph 2did not loadLigularia przewalskii, photograph 3did not loadLigularia przewalskii, photograph 4did not loadLigularia przewalskii, photograph 5did not loadLigularia przewalskii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: Ian Barker, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; tim kuis, CC BY-SA, via GBIF (2); maria patrizia, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; Theodor Korsgaard, CC BY, via GBIF (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Cotoneaster adpressus Cotoneaster adpressus Creeping cotoneaster Photo: CC BY, Remi Aleksander NielsenClematis potaninii Clematis potaninii Ranunculaceae Photo: CC BY, Wang.QGGeranium pylzowianum Geranium pylzowianum Geraniaceae Photo: CC0, author not statedRheum palmatum Rheum palmatum Ornamental rhubarb Photo: CC BY, Morten RossAbies squamata Abies squamata Flaky fir Photo: CC BY, Wang.QG Morina alba Caprifoliaceae

Other Ligularia 23 in the reference

Ligularia alatipes Ligularia alatipes Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, EpibaseLigularia alpigena Ligularia alpigena Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not stated Ligularia altaica Altai Leopard-plant Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia amplexicaulis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Dinesh ValkeLigularia calthifolia Ligularia calthifolia Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Николай СоболевLigularia dentata Ligularia dentata Leopard Plant Photo: CC BY, 岸本年郎Ligularia fischeri Ligularia fischeri Fischer’s ragwort Photo: CC BY, Urgamal MagsarLigularia glauca Ligularia glauca Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, evgeniq_benihanovLigularia heterophylla Ligularia heterophylla Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Islam GalymzhanovLigularia hodgsonii Ligularia hodgsonii Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоLigularia japonica Ligularia japonica Musan ragwort Photo: CC0, author not stated Ligularia kanaitzensis Asteraceae all 24 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Senecillis przewalskii; Senecio przewalskii. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
(Maxim.) Diels
Native to
China South-Central, Inner Mongolia, China North-Central +2
Wild records
165 in range · 84 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 8 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (5 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a herbarium, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 31.00_103.125, lapse-corrected +870 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 41 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…