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Ligularia sachalinensis; photograph (c) Tatyana Petrenko, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Tatyana Petrenko, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2023-09-04

Ligularia sachalinensis Nakai

Asteraceae · Sakhalin, Inner Mongolia +1

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Ligularia sachalinensis, photograph (c) Anastasiia Samokhvalova, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ligularia sachalinensis, photograph (c) Anastasiia Samokhvalova, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ligularia sachalinensis, photograph (c) Tatyana Petrenko, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ligularia sachalinensis, photograph (c) Tatyana Petrenko, some rights reserved (CC BY) 5 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-24.4°C
Record low -31.3 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
23°C
Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
796mm
9 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
12–36DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to September, read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Ligularia

Ligularia is a genus of Old World herbaceous perennial plants in the groundsel tribe within the sunflower family. They have yellow or orange composite flower heads with brown or yellow central disc florets, and are native to damp habitats mostly in central and eastern Asia, with a few species from Europe. There are about 120 to 140 species in the genus, and over half are endemic to China. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ligularia", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (564 mm of 797 mm) falls in May to September, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 16.2 °C against a yearly mean of 5.5 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: November to March.

Rain

797 mm in the median year at the habitat, 564 mm of it May to September. Wettest month August at 148 mm, driest month January at 15 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 724 mm to 992 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 796 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 797 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 12 to 36 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 11, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -24.4 °C, the absolute minimum -31.3 °C, 7,322 frost nights in 44 years, 166.4 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 31.4 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -17.1 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range -23.5 °C to -15.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 23.4 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -24.4 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 70% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -171 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Ligularia sachalinensis through the yearWarmest month August, mean daily high 23 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low -17.1 °C; 797 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-40°-20°0°20°40°frost31.4° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-31.3° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter050100150200mm rainDLI 12–36RH 54–70%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 28 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C-7 / -12–-7-4 / -9–-32 / -2–310 / 6–1114 / 11–1618 / 16–2022 / 20–2323 / 22–2419 / 17–2013 / 8–133 / -2–4-5 / -10–-4
Night °C-17 / -24–-15-14 / -21–-12-6 / -14–-51 / -2–26 / 4–712 / 10–1216 / 14–1718 / 14–1913 / 7–145 / -2–7-4 / -12–-2-14 / -21–-12
Rain mm15 / 13–1816 / 15–1931 / 27–4046 / 44–5970 / 64–8685 / 77–103138 / 123–152148 / 132–162123 / 106–14366 / 57–8437 / 32–4622 / 20–27
DLI15 / 14–1622 / 20–2230 / 28–3034 / 33–3536 / 35–3634 / 33–3430 / 28–3029 / 27–2927 / 25–2821 / 20–2215 / 14–1512 / 11–13
RH %56 / 54–6155 / 54–6054 / 53–5558 / 54–5962 / 58–6467 / 64–7070 / 68–7268 / 67–7062 / 61–6357 / 56–5855 / 53–5856 / 53–61
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 28 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (51 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 942:6256 (42.875, 132.825). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -31.3 °C, 1st-percentile night -24.4 °C, 99th-percentile day 31.4 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 28 distinct grid cells holding 51 of the 52 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 942:6256 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 43.00_133.125, lapse-corrected -171 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 113 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeSakhalin, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker42.882, 132.827 · in the densest population, 49 records (84% of those in range)
Kew's description“perennial” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 58 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 51 of them in the land cells it reads, of 52 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 26 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2 km away. 29 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 6 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 58 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Ligularia sachalinensis, photograph 1did not loadLigularia sachalinensis, photograph 2did not loadLigularia sachalinensis, photograph 3did not loadLigularia sachalinensis, photograph 4did not load

Photographs: (c) Anastasiia Samokhvalova, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) Tatyana Petrenko, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Corydalis repens Corydalis repens Creeping corydalis Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoDryopteris goeringiana Dryopteris goeringiana Goering’s wood fern Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoAngelica cincta Angelica cincta Amur angelica Photo: CC BY, Tatyana PetrenkoAconitum kirinense Aconitum kirinense Northeast Asian monk’shood Photo: CC BY, Elena_SherehoraAllium condensatum Allium condensatum Oriental yellow chive Photo: CC BY, Andrew BazdyrevCorydalis buschii Corydalis buschii Busch's corydalis Photo: CC BY, Andrew Bazdyrev

Other Ligularia 23 in the reference

Ligularia alatipes Ligularia alatipes Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, EpibaseLigularia alpigena Ligularia alpigena Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not stated Ligularia altaica Altai Leopard-plant Ligularia amplexicaulis Ligularia amplexicaulis Asteraceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Dinesh ValkeLigularia calthifolia Ligularia calthifolia Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Николай СоболевLigularia dentata Ligularia dentata Leopard Plant Photo: CC BY, 岸本年郎Ligularia fischeri Ligularia fischeri Fischer’s ragwort Photo: CC BY, Urgamal MagsarLigularia glauca Ligularia glauca Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, evgeniq_benihanovLigularia heterophylla Ligularia heterophylla Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Islam GalymzhanovLigularia hodgsonii Ligularia hodgsonii Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Илья РуденкоLigularia japonica Ligularia japonica Musan ragwort Photo: CC0, author not stated Ligularia kanaitzensis Asteraceae all 24 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Ligularia fischeri f. diabolica. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Asteraceae
Described by
Nakai
Native to
Sakhalin, Inner Mongolia, Manchuria
Wild records
58 in range · 26 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 43.00_133.125, lapse-corrected -171 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 5 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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