Example ⟳ +
An example collection, so you can see what this page does. Nothing added here is kept: leaving deletes it.
Lilium columbianum; photograph author not stated, no rights reserved CC0author not stated, no rights reserved · observed growing wild · 2026-08-05

Lilium columbianum Leichtlin

Columbia lily; Columbia tiger lily; Columbian lily; Oregon lily

Liliaceae · British Columbia, Idaho +4 · listed by its family as a bulb, tuber or caudex

Add one to my plants
Sow seed
Lilium columbianum, photograph (c) rosaceae_roberts, some rights reserved (CC BY)Lilium columbianum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedLilium columbianum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedLilium columbianum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedLilium columbianum, photograph author not stated, no rights reservedLilium columbianum, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 81 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
-11.9°C
Record low -21.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
23°C
Jul and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,627mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
6–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to March, with nights below freezing; no growing season read. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Lilium columbianum is a lily native to western North America. It is also known as the Columbia lily, Columbia tiger lily, or simply tiger lily (sharing the latter common name with several other lily species in its genus).

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Lilium columbianum", CC BY-SA 4.0.

About the genus · Lilium

Lilium is a genus of herbaceous flowering plants growing from bulbs, all with large and often prominent flowers. Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture and literature in much of the world. Most species are native to the Northern Hemisphere and their range is temperate climates and extends into the subtropics. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Lilium", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a bulb, tuber or caudex, listed under the family Liliaceae in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a rainy season and no growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,228 mm of 1,639 mm) falls in October to March, the cooler part of the year, but the mean nightly low is below freezing in February, March, April, December and January, so the rule reads no growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to September.

Rain

1,639 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,228 mm of it October to March. Wettest month November at 260 mm, driest months (2 at 37 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 674 mm to 2,876 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,627 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,639 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 6 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 5, the highest 90th-percentile month 48).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is -11.9 °C, the absolute minimum -21.7 °C, 7,799 frost nights in 44 years, 177.3 a year (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 24.3 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low -3.7 °C in December (across the grid cells of the range -10.9 °C to 2.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 23.1 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: -11.9 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 56 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +531 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the family Liliaceae in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “bulbous geophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Lilium columbianum through the yearWarmest months July and August, mean daily high 23 °C; coldest month December, mean nightly low -3.7 °C; 1,639 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.-30°-20°-10°0°10°20°30°frost24.3° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER-21.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 6–43RH 56–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 1049 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C3 / -3–84 / -1–107 / 2–1211 / 6–1515 / 11–1819 / 15–2223 / 18–2723 / 18–2719 / 15–2413 / 8–175 / 0–112 / -4–8
Night °C-3 / -10–3-3 / -9–3-1 / -6–41 / -4–65 / 0–98 / 4–1111 / 7–1411 / 7–149 / 4–124 / -1–9-1 / -6–5-4 / -11–3
Rain mm238 / 67–415170 / 44–308160 / 43–302112 / 39–21588 / 49–15375 / 45–12537 / 15–7237 / 18–7162 / 37–122144 / 56–291260 / 71–463256 / 76–455
DLI8 / 6–1014 / 12–1722 / 19–2531 / 28–3537 / 34–4140 / 37–4443 / 39–4837 / 35–4228 / 25–3216 / 14–208 / 7–116 / 5–8
RH %66 / 62–6963 / 60–6662 / 58–6561 / 55–6460 / 54–6359 / 54–6357 / 51–6156 / 51–6157 / 53–6161 / 58–6566 / 63–6966 / 62–70
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 1049 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (1691 records in those cells; 5 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 840:1129 (47.975, -123.525). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum -21.7 °C, 1st-percentile night -11.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 24.3 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 1049 distinct grid cells holding 1691 of the 1698 in-range records (5 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 840:1129 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 48.00_-123.750, lapse-corrected +531 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 1195 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBritish Columbia, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, California · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker47.939, -123.289 · in the densest population, 1264 records (69% of those in range)
Kew's description“bulbous geophyte” · “temperate” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1827 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 1691 of them in the land cells it reads, of 1698 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 392 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 305 km away. 129 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1827 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Lilium columbianum, photograph 1did not loadLilium columbianum, photograph 2did not loadLilium columbianum, photograph 3did not loadLilium columbianum, photograph 4did not loadLilium columbianum, photograph 5did not loadLilium columbianum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) rosaceae_roberts, some rights reserved (CC BY); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0 (5).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Goodyera oblongifolia Goodyera oblongifolia Menzie's giant rattlesnake-plantain Photo: CC BY, Karen (with occasional help from Mike)Allotropa virgata Allotropa virgata Candy-striped allotropa Photo: CC BY, Steven BodzinChimaphila menziesii Chimaphila menziesii Menzies' pipsissewa Photo: CC BY, Cody HinchliffMicranthes mertensiana Micranthes mertensiana Saxifragaceae Photo: CC BY, armeriaMoehringia macrophylla Moehringia macrophylla Large-leaved sandwort Photo: CC BY, ConquestNuphar polysepala Nuphar polysepala Rocky Mountain pond-lily Photo: CC BY, Caleb Catto

Other Lilium 83 in the reference

Lilium akkusianum Lilium akkusianum Liliaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Ernst GügelLilium albanicum Lilium albanicum Albanian Lily Photo: CC BY, SokratisLilium amabile Lilium amabile Korean lily Photo: CC0, Étienne Lacroix-CarignanLilium apertum Lilium apertum Liliaceae Photo: CC BY, Wang.QGLilium auratum Lilium auratum Gold-band lily Photo: CC BY, 村山史世　（Fumiyo MURAYAMA)Lilium bakerianum Lilium bakerianum Baker's lily Photo: CC BY, Jiao Sun (孙娇)Lilium bolanderi Lilium bolanderi Bolander's lily Photo: CC BY, Parker James LloydLilium brownii Lilium brownii Brown's lily Photo: CC BY, Emilie PLilium bulbiferum Lilium bulbiferum Orange lily Photo: CC BY, Thomas GalewskiLilium callosum Lilium callosum Slim-stem lily Photo: CC BY, Oleg KosterinLilium canadense Lilium canadense Canada lily Photo: CC BY, Forest Botial-JarvisLilium candidum Lilium candidum Madonna lily Photo: CC BY, yelena_antipova all 84 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Lilium bakeri; Lilium californicum; Lilium canadense var. californicum; Lilium canadense var. minus; Lilium canadense var. parviflorum and 7 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Liliaceae
Described by
Leichtlin
Native to
British Columbia, Idaho, Montana +3
Wild records
1827 in range · 392 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 14 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (5 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 9 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 48.00_-123.750, lapse-corrected +531 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 26 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…