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Limonium frutescens; photograph (c) Amelie Jorns, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Amelie Jorns, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2024-03-25

Limonium frutescens (Lem.) Erben, A.Santos & Reyes-Bet.

Plumbaginaceae · Canary Is.

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Limonium frutescens, photograph (c) Amelie Jorns, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium frutescens, photograph (c) Amelie Jorns, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium frutescens, photograph Michael von Levetzow, CC BY-SA, via GBIFLimonium frutescens, photograph Meneerke bloem, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsLimonium frutescens, photograph Meneerke bloem, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsLimonium frutescens, photograph James Steakley, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 7 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Coldest month, mean nightly low
14.9°C
Feb at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
23°C
Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
460mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
21–48DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes November to March, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Limonium

Limonium is a genus of about 600 flowering plant species. Members are also known as sea-lavender, statice, caspia or marsh-rosemary. Despite their common names, species are not related to the lavenders or to rosemary. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Limonium", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (328 mm of 443 mm) falls in November to March, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 16.7 °C against a yearly mean of 18.2 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: May to September.

Rain

443 mm in the median year at the habitat, 328 mm of it November to March. Wettest month November at 73 mm, driest month July at 3 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 138 mm to 658 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 460 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 443 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 21 to 48 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 18, the highest 90th-percentile month 49).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 14.9 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 13.2 °C to 15.9 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.5 °C in August (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 14.9 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, February, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 66% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Limonium frutescens through the yearWarmest month August, mean daily high 23 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 14.9 °C; 443 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100125150mm rainDLI 21–48RH 61–66%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 15 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C17 / 15–1817 / 15–1817 / 16–1917 / 16–1918 / 17–2120 / 19–2222 / 20–2423 / 21–2422 / 21–2421 / 20–2320 / 18–2118 / 17–20
Night °C15 / 13–1615 / 13–1615 / 14–1615 / 14–1717 / 15–1818 / 16–1919 / 18–2120 / 19–2121 / 19–2120 / 18–2118 / 16–1916 / 15–17
Rain mm64 / 22–8863 / 22–9656 / 16–8429 / 6–3611 / 2–144 / 1–73 / 1–44 / 1–611 / 4–1953 / 11–7173 / 19–10672 / 34–148
DLI23 / 20–2429 / 27–3037 / 35–3842 / 41–4346 / 45–4748 / 46–4947 / 46–4844 / 43–4538 / 37–4031 / 29–3224 / 22–2621 / 18–22
RH %61 / 59–6462 / 59–6661 / 58–6662 / 59–6763 / 59–6764 / 60–6966 / 56–7066 / 57–7065 / 61–6964 / 62–6862 / 60–6562 / 60–65

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 0% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 12.5 °C, 1st-percentile night 14.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 23.3 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 15 grid cells holding the 20 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1227:3244 (28.625, -17.775). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 15 distinct grid cells holding 20 of the 20 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1227:3244 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 0% land and none of the 11 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 28.50_-17.500, lapse-corrected +312 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 346 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCanary Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker28.36, -16.905 · in the densest population, 39 records (91% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 43 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 20 of them placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 22 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 3 km away. 1 record outside the WCVP native range not used. 23 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 43 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Limonium frutescens, photograph 1did not loadLimonium frutescens, photograph 2did not loadLimonium frutescens, photograph 3did not loadLimonium frutescens, photograph 4did not loadLimonium frutescens, photograph 5did not loadLimonium frutescens, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Amelie Jorns, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); Michael von Levetzow, CC BY-SA, via GBIF; Meneerke bloem, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); James Steakley, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Sonchus radicatus Sonchus radicatus Long-rooted Sow-thistle Photo: CC BY, Diego Rodríguez HernándezAeonium tabulaeforme Aeonium tabulaeforme Crassulaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben JobsonAeonium haworthii Aeonium haworthii Haworth's aeonium Photo: CC BY, Jenny SaitoLavandula buchii Lavandula buchii Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Matthieu Le GoïcArgyranthemum coronopifolium Argyranthemum coronopifolium Asteraceae Photo: CC0, author not statedMonanthes polyphylla Monanthes polyphylla Crassulaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben Jobson

Other Limonium 43 in the reference

Limonium arboreum Limonium arboreum Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, acn41Limonium auriculae-ursifolium Limonium auriculae-ursifolium Broad-leaved Sea-lavender Photo: CC BY, Franck CabotLimonium axillare Limonium axillare Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Julien RenoultLimonium bellidifolium Limonium bellidifolium Matted sea-lavender Photo: CC BY, Louis AuregliaLimonium bicolor Limonium bicolor Bicolored sea lavender Photo: CC BY, Jane CharlenLimonium binervosum Limonium binervosum Rock sea-lavender Photo: CC BY, Flavien SaboureauLimonium brassicifolium Limonium brassicifolium Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Paki06Limonium caesium Limonium caesium Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, NanosanchezLimonium californicum Limonium californicum Marsh-rosemary Photo: CC0, author not statedLimonium carolinianum Limonium carolinianum Carolina sea lavender Photo: CC0, author not stated Limonium cedrorum Plumbaginaceae Limonium coriarium Limonium coriarium Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Salicyna all 44 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Limonium fruticans; Statice frutescens; Statice fruticans. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Plumbaginaceae
Described by
(Lem.) Erben, A.Santos & Reyes-Bet.
Native to
Canary Is.
Wild records
43 in range · 22 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 4 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (2 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 2 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 28.50_-17.500, lapse-corrected +312 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (0% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 11 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…