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Limonium macrophyllum; photograph Rolf Engstrand, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SARolf Engstrand, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Limonium macrophyllum (Willd. ex Spreng.) H.Arnaud

Plumbaginaceae · Canary Is.

Cited as Kew's World Checklist cites it, Limonium macrophyllum (Willd. ex Spreng.) H.Arnaud: GBIF's backbone key for this page carries the name with another author, (Willd. ex Spreng.) Kuntze.

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Limonium macrophyllum, photograph (c) Ben Jobson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium macrophyllum, photograph (c) Ben Jobson, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium macrophyllum, photograph (c) William Stephens, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium macrophyllum, photograph (c) Alessia Guggisberg, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium macrophyllum, photograph (c) Alessia Guggisberg, some rights reserved (CC BY)Limonium macrophyllum, photograph Rolf Engstrand, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons 8 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Coldest month, mean nightly low
15.8°C
Feb at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
22°C
Aug, Sep and Oct at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
431mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
19–47DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet winters: the rain comes October to February, read as a winter growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

About the genus · Limonium

Limonium is a genus of about 600 flowering plant species. Members are also known as sea-lavender, statice, caspia or marsh-rosemary. Despite their common names, species are not related to the lavenders or to rosemary. More on Wikipedia ›

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Limonium", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a winter growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (306 mm of 431 mm) falls in October to February, cooler than the year (wet-season mean 18.3 °C against a yearly mean of 18.9 °C). Months are the habitat's, northern hemisphere; shifted six months for a southern-hemisphere collection: April to August.

Rain

431 mm in the median year at the habitat, 306 mm of it October to February. Wettest month November at 70 mm, driest months (2 at 5 mm). Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 413 mm to 466 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 431 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 431 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, northern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 19 to 47 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 18, the highest 90th-percentile month 48).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 15.8 °C in February (across the grid cells of the range 14.6 °C to 16.3 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 22.3 °C in September (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 15.8 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, February, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 67% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, northern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Limonium macrophyllum through the yearWarmest months August, September and October, mean daily high 22 °C; coldest month February, mean nightly low 15.8 °C; 431 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, northern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°°C · day and nightcold quarter0255075100mm rainDLI 19–47RH 61–67%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 7 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C17 / 16–1817 / 16–1817 / 16–1818 / 17–1818 / 18–1920 / 20–2021 / 21–2222 / 22–2322 / 22–2322 / 21–2220 / 19–2119 / 17–19
Night °C16 / 15–1716 / 15–1616 / 15–1716 / 15–1718 / 17–1819 / 19–1920 / 20–2121 / 21–2221 / 21–2221 / 19–2119 / 18–2017 / 16–18
Rain mm61 / 58–6656 / 54–6249 / 48–5429 / 28–3113 / 13–148 / 7–85 / 4–55 / 5–616 / 15–1751 / 48–5570 / 66–7668 / 64–75
DLI21 / 20–2427 / 26–3035 / 34–3741 / 40–4245 / 45–4647 / 46–4845 / 45–4643 / 42–4337 / 37–3930 / 29–3223 / 22–2519 / 18–22
RH %61 / 60–6262 / 62–6363 / 62–6363 / 62–6564 / 63–6666 / 65–6767 / 65–6767 / 65–6765 / 65–6665 / 64–6662 / 62–6362 / 61–63

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 36% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 12.3 °C, 1st-percentile night 13.9 °C, 99th-percentile day 25.8 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 7 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (24 records in those cells; 2 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1228:3274 (28.575, -16.275). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 7 distinct grid cells holding 24 of the 28 in-range records (2 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1228:3274 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 36% land and none of the 6 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 28.50_-16.250, lapse-corrected +84 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 263 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeCanary Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker28.561, -16.288 · in the densest population, 29 records (100% of those in range)
Kew's description“shrub” · “subtropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 29 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 24 of them in the land cells it reads, of 28 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 6 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 1 km away. 5 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 1 in-range record is placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stays on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 29 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Limonium macrophyllum, photograph 1did not loadLimonium macrophyllum, photograph 2did not loadLimonium macrophyllum, photograph 3did not loadLimonium macrophyllum, photograph 4did not loadLimonium macrophyllum, photograph 5did not loadLimonium macrophyllum, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Ben Jobson, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); (c) William Stephens, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Alessia Guggisberg, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); Rolf Engstrand, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Gonospermum revolutum Gonospermum revolutum Asteraceae Photo: CC BY, Pablo MR Lotus dumetorum Fabaceae Sideritis macrostachyos Sideritis macrostachyos Lamiaceae Photo: CC BY, Enrico TomschkeMonanthes anagensis Monanthes anagensis Crassulaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben JobsonViola anagae Viola anagae Violaceae Photo: CC BY, Phill RobinsonPterocephalus virens Pterocephalus virens Caprifoliaceae Photo: CC BY, Ben Jobson

Other Limonium 43 in the reference

Limonium arboreum Limonium arboreum Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, acn41Limonium auriculae-ursifolium Limonium auriculae-ursifolium Broad-leaved Sea-lavender Photo: CC BY, Franck CabotLimonium axillare Limonium axillare Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY, Julien RenoultLimonium bellidifolium Limonium bellidifolium Matted sea-lavender Photo: CC BY, Louis AuregliaLimonium bicolor Limonium bicolor Bicolored sea lavender Photo: CC BY, Jane CharlenLimonium binervosum Limonium binervosum Rock sea-lavender Photo: CC BY, Flavien SaboureauLimonium brassicifolium Limonium brassicifolium Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Paki06Limonium caesium Limonium caesium Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, NanosanchezLimonium californicum Limonium californicum Marsh-rosemary Photo: CC0, author not statedLimonium carolinianum Limonium carolinianum Carolina sea lavender Photo: CC0, author not stated Limonium cedrorum Plumbaginaceae Limonium coriarium Limonium coriarium Plumbaginaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Salicyna all 44 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Statice halfordii; Statice macrophylla; Statice macrophylla subsp. atrocoerulea; Taxanthema macrophyllum. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataiNaturalist

The record

Family
Plumbaginaceae
Described by
(Willd. ex Spreng.) H.Arnaud
Native to
Canary Is.
Wild records
29 in range · 6 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22GBIF's key 4090334 is Limonium macrophyllum (Willd. ex Spreng.) Kuntze; the page links Kew's Limonium macrophyllum (Willd. ex Spreng.) H.Arnaud, and the name is cited as Kew cites it
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 28.50_-16.250, lapse-corrected +84 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (36% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 8 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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