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Lithocarpus hystrix (Korth.) Rehder

Fagaceae · Borneo, Malaya +1

Photographs not checked iNaturalist was skipped (not asked) when this page was built. Not asked, or not answered, is not "none": nothing here claims there is none. Why the site says it this way.
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Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
20.5°C
Record low 17.7 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
29°C
Mar, Apr, May, Jun and Aug at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
3,014mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
26–34DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Rain spread: 70% of the median year's rain takes 8 months, so no short rainy season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Lithocarpus hystrix is a tree in the beech family Fagaceae. The specific epithet hystrix means 'spiny', referring to the cupule.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Lithocarpus hystrix", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads no short rainy season: 70% of the median year's rain (2,114 mm of 2,857 mm) takes 8 months, September to January and March to May. Mean temperature moves 1.3 °C between the warmest and coldest month. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,857 mm in the median year at the habitat, 2,114 mm of it September to January and March to May. Wettest month November at 321 mm, driest month February at 176 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 2,362 mm to 3,411 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 3,014 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,857 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 26 to 34 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 36).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 20.5 °C, the absolute minimum 17.7 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 36.9 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 21.5 °C in January (across the grid cells of the range 16.1 °C to 23.1 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 28.9 °C in April and May (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 20.5 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 67 to 70% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -123 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Lithocarpus hystrix through the yearWarmest months March, April, May, June and August, mean daily high 29 °C; coldest month January, mean nightly low 21.5 °C; 2,857 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.15°20°25°30°35°40°36.9° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER17.7° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 26–34RH 67–70%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 19 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C27 / 23–2928 / 25–3029 / 25–3129 / 25–3129 / 25–3129 / 25–3028 / 24–3129 / 24–3128 / 24–3128 / 24–3128 / 24–3027 / 23–29
Night °C22 / 16–2322 / 17–2322 / 17–2422 / 18–2422 / 18–2422 / 18–2422 / 17–2422 / 17–2422 / 17–2422 / 17–2422 / 17–2422 / 16–23
Rain mm227 / 178–310176 / 119–234242 / 180–324258 / 201–363224 / 183–313184 / 127–209187 / 125–220196 / 138–250256 / 155–321271 / 195–410321 / 243–404315 / 258–398
DLI30 / 26–3234 / 31–3634 / 31–3632 / 31–3531 / 29–3331 / 29–3531 / 29–3432 / 30–3532 / 29–3531 / 27–3327 / 24–2926 / 23–29
RH %69 / 65–7267 / 63–7167 / 65–7068 / 66–7168 / 66–7267 / 64–7167 / 63–7167 / 63–7168 / 64–7169 / 66–7169 / 67–7270 / 67–73
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 19 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (19 records in those cells; 1 more cell holds records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cell is left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 1679:5639 (6.025, 101.975). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 17.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 20.5 °C, 99th-percentile day 36.9 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 19 distinct grid cells holding 19 of the 20 in-range records (1 further cell with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 1679:5639 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.00_101.875, lapse-corrected -123 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 12 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBorneo, Malaya, Sumatera · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-0.277, 100.657 · in the densest population, 56 records (69% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 81 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 19 of them in the land cells it reads, of 20 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 59 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 341 km away. 2 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 61 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 81 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Not checked. iNaturalist was skipped (not asked) when this page was built; GBIF's observation records with coordinates hold none. Not a statement that none exist.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Poikilospermum suaveolens Poikilospermum suaveolens Urticaceae Photo: CC BY, Siddarth MachadoElateriospermum tapos Elateriospermum tapos Euphorbiaceae Photo: CC BY, Adam KamalFicus villosa Ficus villosa Villous fig Photo: CC BY, Ong Jyh SengDracaena cantleyi Dracaena cantleyi Cantley's Dracaena Photo: CC BY, Cheongweei GanTacca integrifolia Tacca integrifolia Batplant Photo: CC BY, Jay ParolineScorodocarpus borneensis Scorodocarpus borneensis Garlic tree Photo: CC BY, Adam Kamal

Other Lithocarpus 25 in the reference

Lithocarpus amygdalifolius Lithocarpus amygdalifolius Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, 謝麗霦Lithocarpus brevicaudatus Lithocarpus brevicaudatus Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, Yu-Chang Chen Lithocarpus cleistocarpus Fagaceae Lithocarpus corneus Lithocarpus corneus Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi) Lithocarpus dealbatus Fagaceae Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius Lithocarpus dodonaeifolius Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, 曾昱承 Yu-Cheng ZengLithocarpus edulis Lithocarpus edulis Japanese stone oak Photo: CC BY, 大澤風季 ohsawa_FukiLithocarpus elegans Lithocarpus elegans Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, Sagnik Dutta RoyLithocarpus formosanus Lithocarpus formosanus Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, 呂一起(Lyu yi-chi)Lithocarpus glaber Lithocarpus glaber Japanese-oak Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Lithocarpus hancei Lithocarpus hancei Fagaceae Photo: CC BY, Yu-Chang ChenLithocarpus harlandii Lithocarpus harlandii Fagaceae Photo: CC0, author not stated all 26 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Castanea furfurella; Cyclobalanus cyrtopoda; Cyclobalanus hystrix; Lithocarpus cyrtopodus; Pasania hystrix and 7 more. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Fagaceae
Described by
(Korth.) Rehder
Native to
Borneo, Malaya, Sumatera
Wild records
81 in range · 59 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 1 record within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell 6.00_101.875, lapse-corrected -123 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
Wikimedia Commons commons nothing to reportasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 10 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

Opening your plants…