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Ludwigia adscendens; photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2026-04-13

Ludwigia adscendens (L.) H.Hara

Water primrose; Creeping water Primrose; Red Ludwigia; Water-dragon

Onagraceae · Algeria, Egypt +84

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Ludwigia adscendens, photograph (c) yelena_antipova, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ludwigia adscendens, photograph (c) smathichong, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ludwigia adscendens, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ludwigia adscendens, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ludwigia adscendens, photograph (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY)Ludwigia adscendens, photograph author not stated, no rights reserved 79 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
13.0°C
Record low 7.9 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
33°C
Oct and Nov at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
1,531mm
7 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
31–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
A sharp rainy season, December to March (the habitat's months, not shifted), in a year of even temperature. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Ludwigia adscendens, the water primrose, is a species of flowering plant in the evening primrose family. Its native distribution is unclear. It is now a common weed of rice paddies in Asia and occurs also in Australia and Africa, but may have originated in South America.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Ludwigia adscendens", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a sharp season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,146 mm of 1,468 mm) falls in December to March. The temperature curve is flat, 3.2 °C between the warmest and coldest month, so the growing-season rule does not infer a growing season from it. Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The temperature curve moves under 4 °C between the warmest and coldest month, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

1,468 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,146 mm of it December to March. Wettest month January at 330 mm, driest month June at 2 mm; 3 months under 5 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 535 mm to 1,904 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 1,531 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 1,468 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 31 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 23, the highest 90th-percentile month 46).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 13.0 °C, the absolute minimum 7.9 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 41.6 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 18.9 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 8.7 °C to 22.7 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 32.8 °C in October (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 13.0 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 51 to 65% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected -3 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Ludwigia adscendens through the yearWarmest months October and November, mean daily high 33 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 18.9 °C; 1,468 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.0°10°20°30°40°50°41.6° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER7.9° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 31–43RH 51–65%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 328 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C31 / 27–3231 / 28–3231 / 27–3331 / 26–3330 / 24–3329 / 22–3229 / 22–3229 / 23–3332 / 25–3633 / 26–3733 / 27–3532 / 27–33
Night °C24 / 19–2625 / 19–2624 / 19–2624 / 16–2522 / 13–2520 / 10–2319 / 9–2320 / 11–2322 / 14–2423 / 16–2524 / 17–2625 / 19–26
Rain mm330 / 25–410320 / 31–381248 / 63–32093 / 24–16016 / 6–1632 / 1–1603 / 0–1264 / 0–7015 / 3–11458 / 20–149131 / 44–177248 / 30–298
DLI35 / 33–4135 / 32–4035 / 32–3936 / 28–3833 / 25–3631 / 23–3433 / 24–3537 / 26–3941 / 31–4343 / 32–4642 / 33–4438 / 32–43
RH %64 / 57–6665 / 57–6763 / 56–6658 / 53–6653 / 48–6652 / 46–6651 / 45–6652 / 46–6655 / 44–6657 / 45–6659 / 52–6662 / 55–66

Records on both sides of the equator: the 159 cells at least 10° north of it have seasons six months apart and are left out, not combined into a year no place has. These figures are across the 328 cells that remain: the 263 at least 10° south and the 65 within 10° of the equator, which stay in either way.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 328 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (546 records in those cells; 3 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2047:6254 (-12.375, 132.725). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 7.9 °C, 1st-percentile night 13.0 °C, 99th-percentile day 41.6 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 328 distinct grid cells holding 546 of the 858 in-range records (3 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out) on the southern side of the equator (159 cells poleward of 10° north, 263 poleward of 10° south: the two sides' seasons are not combined, and cells within 10° of the equator stay in); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2047:6254 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -12.50_132.500, lapse-corrected -3 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 17 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeAlgeria, Egypt, Libya, Benin, Burkina, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Mali, Mauritania, Nigeria, Niger, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Togo, Burundi, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Congo, Gabon, Rwanda, Zaïre, Chad, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Cape Provinces, Namibia, KwaZulu-Natal, Free State, Swaziland, Northern Provinces, Mauritius, Madagascar, Réunion, Iraq, Lebanon-Syria, Palestine, Sinai, Turkey, China South-Central, Hainan, China Southeast, Nansei-shoto, Taiwan, Assam, Bangladesh, East Himalaya, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, West Himalaya, Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Borneo, Jawa, Lesser Sunda Is., Malaya, Maluku, Philippines, Sulawesi, Sumatera, New Guinea, Northern Territory, Mexico Northeast, Mexico Gulf, Mexico Southwest, Honduras, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Haiti · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-12.57, 131.709 · in the densest population, 300 records (22% of those in range)
Kew's description“hydrosubshrub” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 1338 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 546 of them in the land cells it reads, of 858 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 910 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker 2 km away. 66 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 480 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 2° block of the 1338 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Ludwigia adscendens, photograph 1did not loadLudwigia adscendens, photograph 2did not loadLudwigia adscendens, photograph 3did not loadLudwigia adscendens, photograph 4did not loadLudwigia adscendens, photograph 5did not loadLudwigia adscendens, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) yelena_antipova, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) smathichong, some rights reserved (CC BY); (c) Thomas Mesaglio, some rights reserved (CC BY) (3); author not stated, no rights reserved · CC0.

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Carallia brachiata Carallia brachiata Billabong-tree Photo: CC BY, Stella FishLudwigia hyssopifolia Ludwigia hyssopifolia Seed Box Photo: CC BY, Ong Jyh SengAcacia auriculiformis Acacia auriculiformis Earleaf acacia Photo: CC BY, Thomas MesaglioMurdannia gigantea Murdannia gigantea Commelinaceae Photo: CC BY, Apichart SongsangchunNephrolepis hirsutula Nephrolepis hirsutula Scaly swordfern Photo: CC BY, Alexis López HernándezCyperus platystylis Cyperus platystylis Cyperaceae Photo: CC BY, chiuluan

Other Ludwigia 29 in the reference

Ludwigia alata Ludwigia alata Winged primrose-willow Photo: CC BY, Devin FloydLudwigia alternifolia Ludwigia alternifolia Rattlebox Photo: CC BY, Alexander DiazLudwigia arcuata Ludwigia arcuata Piedmont primrose-willow Photo: CC BY, James HardeeLudwigia bonariensis Ludwigia bonariensis Carolina primrose-willow Photo: CC BY, Germinando NativasLudwigia brevipes Ludwigia brevipes Long Beach primrose willow Photo: CC BY, harrierLudwigia decurrens Ludwigia decurrens Wingleaf primrose-willow Photo: CC BY, M. WhitsonLudwigia elegans Ludwigia elegans Onagraceae Photo: CC BY, Ernesto Fernandez PolcuchLudwigia erecta Ludwigia erecta Yerba de jicotea Photo: CC BY, Cricket RaspetLudwigia glandulosa Ludwigia glandulosa Cylindricfruit primrose-willow Photo: CC BY, carterLudwigia grandiflora Ludwigia grandiflora Water primrose Photo: CC0, author not statedLudwigia helminthorrhiza Ludwigia helminthorrhiza Floating Ludwigia Photo: CC BY, Gabriel Jovêncio RibeiroLudwigia hexapetala Ludwigia hexapetala Water-primrose Photo: CC BY, armeria all 30 ›

Names & registers

Also known as Ludwigia mauritiana. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Onagraceae
Described by
(L.) H.Hara
Native to
Algeria, Egypt, Libya +83
Wild records
1338 in range · 910 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 13 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (13 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -12.50_132.500, lapse-corrected -3 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 124 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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