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Marsilea mutica; photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY) CC BY(c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY) · observed growing wild · 2024-07-29

Marsilea mutica Mett.

Australian water-clover; Smooth nardoo; Nardoo

Marsileaceae · New South Wales, Northern Territory +4 · listed by its genus as a fern or moss

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Marsilea mutica, photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY)Marsilea mutica, photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY)Marsilea mutica, photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY)Marsilea mutica, photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY)Marsilea mutica, photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY)Marsilea mutica, photograph (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY) 38 photographs ›
Habitat figures
Cold floor (1 night in 100)
4.1°C
Record low 0.8 °C in 44 years, at a typical spot in the range NASA POWER
Warmest month, mean daily high
30°C
Jan, Feb and Dec at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
911mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
23–43DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in your months, northern hemisphere
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes May to October (November to April at the habitat), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Northern hemisphere unless you set your site. The chart is in the habitat's months.

Summary

Marsilea mutica, known as the large-leaved nardoo, is a species of aquatic fern in the family Marsileaceae. A widespread species with wide clover like fronds, found in freshwater marshes, mostly in Australia and nearby New Caledonia. Seen in floating in deeper water than other ferns in the same genus.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Marsilea mutica", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Grouped as a fern or moss, listed under the genus Marsilea in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “rhizomatous hydrogeophyte”.

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (653 mm of 871 mm) falls in November to April, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.6 °C against a yearly mean of 21.1 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere; shifted six months for a northern-hemisphere collection: May to October.

Rain

871 mm in the median year at the habitat, 653 mm of it November to April. Wettest month February at 157 mm, driest month August at 27 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 521 mm to 1,588 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 911 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 871 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 23 to 43 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 16, the highest 90th-percentile month 47).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Coldest: the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range is 4.1 °C, the absolute minimum 0.8 °C, no frost in 44 years (NASA POWER daily minima). Warmest: the 99th-percentile day is 40.8 °C. Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 10.5 °C in July (across the grid cells of the range 5.4 °C to 19.2 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 30.1 °C in January (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: 4.1 °C, which is the 1st-percentile night over 44 years at a typical spot in the range (NASA POWER).

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 54 to 61% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. NASA POWER daily minima and maxima over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, lapse-corrected +12 m to its elevation; CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. The cold floor is the 1st-percentile night named in its sentence. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Group. Listed under the genus Marsilea in the archetype table, and Kew describes it as “rhizomatous hydrogeophyte”. A group is taken only where Kew's description of the species agrees with the table's listing. The table gives no figure and no prose; the cold floor is the habitat's alone.

Climate across the habitat

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Marsilea mutica through the yearWarmest months January, February and December, mean daily high 30 °C; coldest month July, mean nightly low 10.5 °C; 871 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA; the extremes at the edge from NASA POWER. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.-10°0°10°20°30°40°50°frost40.8° 99th-percentile day, NASA POWER0.8° lowest night in 44 years, NASA POWER°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400mm rainDLI 23–43RH 54–61%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 431 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low extremes over 44 years at a typical spot in the range, from NASA POWER, marked at the edge, in no month DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C30 / 26–3530 / 25–3429 / 24–3426 / 21–3423 / 18–3320 / 15–3020 / 14–3121 / 16–3325 / 18–3527 / 21–3729 / 23–3730 / 25–36
Night °C22 / 17–2622 / 17–2520 / 15–2518 / 12–2415 / 9–2212 / 7–2011 / 5–1911 / 6–2014 / 8–2316 / 11–2519 / 13–2621 / 16–26
Rain mm123 / 51–358157 / 49–342107 / 39–29472 / 23–13141 / 8–9836 / 2–9131 / 2–6627 / 1–6028 / 3–5755 / 19–8083 / 43–138111 / 53–261
DLI40 / 35–4736 / 33–4335 / 30–3930 / 24–3825 / 18–3523 / 16–3424 / 17–3530 / 23–3937 / 31–4342 / 37–4643 / 39–4642 / 38–47
RH %60 / 51–6461 / 52–6660 / 51–6358 / 47–6258 / 46–6157 / 46–6156 / 44–6154 / 43–5955 / 44–5955 / 46–6057 / 48–6158 / 51–62
How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 431 grid cells on land that hold in-range records (595 records in those cells; 4 more cells hold records but no land by the elevation layer, so those records sit at sea and the cells are left out), with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2273:6586 (-23.675, 149.325). Over 44 years there: absolute minimum 0.8 °C, 1st-percentile night 4.1 °C, 99th-percentile day 40.8 °C. Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 431 distinct grid cells holding 595 of the 599 in-range records (4 further cells with records at sea, by the elevation layer, left out); extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2273:6586 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -23.50_149.375, lapse-corrected +12 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 149 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeNew South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland, Tasmania, Western Australia, New Caledonia · introduced: Thailand, Victoria, Texas, Alabama, Maryland, Virginia · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-33.741, 150.784 · in the densest population, 292 records (44% of those in range)
Kew's description“rhizomatous hydrogeophyte” · “seasonally dry tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 671 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 595 of them in the land cells it reads, of 599 placed to within 10 km; the map shows only the 650 openly licensed ones, which alone would put the marker in the same place. 95 records outside the WCVP native range not used. 72 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population inside the densest 4° block of the 671 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Marsilea mutica, photograph 1did not loadMarsilea mutica, photograph 2did not loadMarsilea mutica, photograph 3did not loadMarsilea mutica, photograph 4did not loadMarsilea mutica, photograph 5did not loadMarsilea mutica, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Reid Hardin, some rights reserved (CC BY) (6).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Eucalyptus exserta Eucalyptus exserta Queensland peppermint Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyNymphaea gigantea Nymphaea gigantea Giant water-lily Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyMacrozamia miquelii Macrozamia miquelii Wild pineapple Photo: CC BY-SA, Kirsten Bywater Sabdariffa divaricata Malvaceae Strychnos psilosperma Strychnos psilosperma Strychnine Tree Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyBridelia leichhardtii Bridelia leichhardtii Phyllanthaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg Tasney

Other Marsilea 12 in the reference

Marsilea ancylopoda Marsilea ancylopoda Tropical waterclover Photo: CC BY, Franco RichieriMarsilea batardae Marsilea batardae Lusitanian Water Clover Photo: CC BY, zebedeugalinhaMarsilea crenata Marsilea crenata Nardoo Photo: CC BY, Belinda ForbesMarsilea drummondii Marsilea drummondii Nardoo Photo: CC BY, Petra HollandMarsilea hirsuta Marsilea hirsuta Rough waterclover Photo: CC BY-SA, Greg TasneyMarsilea macropoda Marsilea macropoda Bigfoot waterclover Photo: CC BY, Chet BurrierMarsilea minuta Marsilea minuta Dwarf waterclover Photo: CC0, author not statedMarsilea quadrifolia Marsilea quadrifolia European water-clover Photo: CC BY, yajapinMarsilea schelpeana Marsilea schelpeana Cutleaf clover Photo: CC BY-SA, Andrew HankeyMarsilea strigosa Marsilea strigosa Marsileaceae Photo: CC BY, Santiago Martín-BravoMarsilea vestita Marsilea vestita Hairy water-clover Photo: CC BY, Sam KieschnickMarsilea villosa Marsilea villosa 'Ihi'ihi Photo: CC BY, Kevin Faccenda

Names & registers

Also known as Marsilea brownii; Zaluzianskia brownii; Zaluzianskia mutica. (GBIF Backbone)

Under another author Marsilea quadrifolia R.Br. is an older name of this species, not Marsilea quadrifolia, a species of the reference. (GBIF Backbone)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Marsileaceae
Described by
Mett.
Native to
New South Wales, Northern Territory, Queensland +3
Wild records
671 in range · 650 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 15 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (14 at a botanic garden or arboretum, 1 at a zoo; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -23.50_149.375, lapse-corrected +12 m at 6.5 °C/km
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 52 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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