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Melicope denhamii; photograph V C Balakrishnan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons CC BY-SAV C Balakrishnan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Melicope denhamii (Seem.) T.G.Hartley

Rutaceae · Borneo, Maluku +9

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Melicope denhamii, photograph (c) Dominik Maximilián Ramík, some rights reserved (CC BY)Melicope denhamii, photograph (c) Dominik Maximilián Ramík, some rights reserved (CC BY)Melicope denhamii, photograph Anonyme973, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsMelicope denhamii, photograph Anonyme973, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsMelicope denhamii, photograph V C Balakrishnan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia CommonsMelicope denhamii, photograph V C Balakrishnan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons 9 photographs ›
Habitat figuresfrom few records
Coldest month, mean nightly low
20.3°C
Aug at the habitat, not a floor; extremes not used (sea cell) CHELSA
Warmest month, mean daily high
26°C
Jan, Feb, Mar and Apr at the habitat CHELSA
Rain a year (median across the range)
2,104mm
12 months of 25 mm or more in the median year CHELSA
Open-sky light
22–42DLI
Lowest to highest month (DLI) CHELSA
The year in the habitat's months, not shifted
  1. Jan
  2. Feb
  3. Mar
  4. Apr
  5. May
  6. Jun
  7. Jul
  8. Aug
  9. Sep
  10. Oct
  11. Nov
  12. Dec
Wet summers: the rain comes December to June (the habitat's months, not shifted), read as a summer growing season. rain rule, CHELSA
Not shifted: the shift rule does not apply to this habitat. The chart is in the habitat's months.

From few records: 8 records in 8 grid cells. The records.

Summary

Melicope denhamii is a plant in the family Rutaceae. It is named for the 19th century Royal Navy captain Henry Mangles Denham.

Quoted from Wikipedia, "Melicope denhamii", CC BY-SA 4.0.

Cultivation

Seasons

The rain rule reads a summer growing season: 70% of the median year's rain (1,525 mm of 2,127 mm) falls in December to June, warmer than the year (wet-season mean 24.7 °C against a yearly mean of 23.7 °C). Months are the habitat's, southern hemisphere. The habitat lies within 10° of the equator, where the shift rule does not apply, so they are not shifted for a collection elsewhere.

Rain

2,127 mm in the median year at the habitat, 1,525 mm of it December to June. Wettest month March at 294 mm, driest month July at 110 mm. Across the grid cells of the range the year's total runs 1,848 mm to 3,621 mm, the 10th to 90th percentile of each cell's own year. The median of the cells' own yearly totals, 2,104 mm, is the year's rain at the top of the page; the 2,127 mm here is the median year's, the twelve monthly medians added, which the rain rule reads. Habitat calendar, southern hemisphere; median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA.

Light

Open sky over the habitat: 22 to 42 mol/m²/day across the year (daily light integral, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA; the lowest 10th-percentile month across the cells is 20, the highest 90th-percentile month 44).

Warmth and air
Temperature

Monthly means: the coldest month's mean nightly low 20.3 °C in August (across the grid cells of the range 14.7 °C to 21.5 °C), the warmest month's mean daily high 26.4 °C in February and March (median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). Cold floor: none read. The nearest figure is 20.3 °C, the coldest month's mean nightly low, August, in the median year (CHELSA); a month's mean of its nightly lows is warmer than the nights a floor is read from. The daily extremes were read at a weather cell that is mostly sea and are not used.

Humidity

Relative humidity at the habitat: 61 to 68% across the year (monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range, CHELSA). A figure about the air, saying nothing about how the plant takes water.

How this section is made

Each card states this species' habitat figures with their sources, and what two fixed rules read from them; nothing here says what the plant does, wants or tolerates. The rules · the terms.

Seasons. Read from the median year of CHELSA monthly rainfall and mean temperature across the grid cells of the range: the rain rule takes the smallest set of months carrying 70% of the rain and calls it winter when its mean is more than half a degree below the year's, summer when more than that above, and neither in between; the temperature rule, used only under 120 mm, names the cooler six months when they are at least a degree cooler than the other six. Months are shifted for the other hemisphere only where the temperature curve moves 4 °C or more and the habitat lies 10° or more from the equator. A reading of the curves, not an observation of the plant.

Rain. CHELSA monthly precipitation, median year across the grid cells of the range. The rain that falls where the species is recorded; nothing about how the plant takes water.

Light. CHELSA shortwave radiation at each envelope cell, a daily-mean flux taken to a daily total and converted at 2.07 mol of PAR per MJ. The sky over the habitat, measured; what reaches a plant under a rock, a shrub or a shade cloth is not.

Temperature. CHELSA monthly means, median year across the grid cells of the range. No cold floor is read without a daily extremes series; the coldest month's mean nightly low named in its sentence is not one. Not a measured survival limit for any plant in a pot.

Humidity. CHELSA relative humidity, median year across the grid cells of the range.

Climate across the habitat

From few records: this habitat climate is read from 8 records in 8 grid cells; a page says so under 12 records or 5 cells, and shows the figures as read.

Habitat months, southern hemisphere

Habitat climate of Melicope denhamii through the yearWarmest months January, February, March and April, mean daily high 26 °C; coldest month August, mean nightly low 20.3 °C; 2,127 mm of rain in the median year (the twelve monthly medians added). Medians across the range, from CHELSA. Habitat months, southern hemisphere.10°15°20°25°30°°C · day and nightcold quarter0100200300400500mm rainDLI 22–42RH 61–68%JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
day night rain medians and 10th–90th percentile across 8 habitat cells, CHELSA cold quarter: the three months around the coldest month's mean nightly low DLI, mol/m²/dayRH %each on its own scale
Figures by month
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Day °C26 / 23–2726 / 23–2726 / 23–2726 / 23–2624 / 22–2523 / 22–2422 / 21–2322 / 21–2323 / 22–2423 / 23–2424 / 23–2525 / 23–26
Night °C24 / 16–2525 / 16–2524 / 16–2524 / 16–2523 / 15–2422 / 15–2321 / 15–2220 / 15–2221 / 15–2222 / 15–2223 / 15–2324 / 16–24
Rain mm239 / 223–391263 / 244–399294 / 251–451238 / 223–365166 / 158–296132 / 106–216110 / 91–231116 / 90–214130 / 69–256118 / 91–284128 / 115–271193 / 153–373
DLI41 / 30–4239 / 29–4035 / 28–3530 / 25–3125 / 23–2822 / 20–2523 / 21–2627 / 25–3033 / 30–3538 / 31–4041 / 31–4242 / 30–44
RH %67 / 64–7068 / 65–6968 / 66–7065 / 63–7263 / 61–7362 / 61–7361 / 59–7262 / 59–7163 / 60–7063 / 60–7065 / 61–7066 / 63–70

The daily extremes were read at a NASA POWER cell that is 20% land: neither it nor the next candidates whose coldest month's mean nightly low is within 2 °C of the median across cells sit in a POWER cell that is mostly land, and the rule reads a cold floor only from a cell that is mostly land, so none is read for this species. Nor is the coldest month's mean nightly low taken as one: it is a mean of a month's lows, not its coldest night. What that cell gave over 44 years: absolute minimum 17.7 °C, 1st-percentile night 20.2 °C, 99th-percentile day 28.2 °C.

How this section is made
Each figure is the median across the 8 grid cells holding the 8 in-range records, with the 10th–90th percentile span across those cells after the slash where it differs. A dash is a month one or more of those cells has no figure for in the grid (a variable CHELSA does not carry there), so no median is taken rather than one over fewer cells. Extremes and elevation were read at a typical spot in the range, cell 2190:6985 (-19.525, 169.275). Normals: CHELSA V2.1 1981–2010 climatology, 0.05° cells (each the mean of ~36 1 km pixels). Across the range: median and 10th–90th percentile of each month across the 8 distinct grid cells holding 8 of the 8 in-range records; extremes and elevation at the typical cell 2190:6985 (its coldest month's mean nightly low nearest the median across cells, though its NASA POWER cell is only 20% land and none of the 4 next candidates within 2 °C of the median was mostly land); its position is the cell centre. Extremes: NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -19.50_169.375, lapse-corrected +87 m at 6.5 °C/km. Elevation: ETOPO 2022, 102 m (cell mean).

Natural habitat

Native range as published by WCVP; the marker is where the records are densest and decides nothing: the climate was read across the cells of the in-range records placed well enough to read one, not at the marker.
Openly licensed records inside the range, framed on where they fall.
NativeBorneo, Maluku, Sulawesi, Bismarck Archipelago, New Guinea, Solomon Is., Fiji, Santa Cruz Is., Tonga, Vanuatu, Caroline Is. · regions are the level-3 units of the World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions, as Kew's World Checklist records ranges, some under historical names such as Yugoslavia or Czechoslovakia (how).
Map marker-7.167, 146.667 · in the densest population, 73 records (31% of those in range)
Kew's description“tree” · “wet tropical” · quoted from WCVP, RBG Kew (CC BY 4.0); not derived here
Evidence usedThe map marker rests on all 232 georeferenced records inside the native range; the climate across the range on the 8 of them placed to within 10 km, all openly licensed and shown on the map. 23 records outside the WCVP native range not used. Under a dozen records behind the climate. 224 in-range records are placed to worse than 10 km, or with no stated accuracy (admitted only as a person's observation to three decimals), and stay on the map but off the climate.
How this section is made
The map marker: the openly licensed record nearest the middle of the densest 1° population of the 232 in-range records; it decides nothing. Records outside the native range, living specimens and records marked introduced are not used; which records count.

Photographs

Melicope denhamii, photograph 1did not loadMelicope denhamii, photograph 2did not loadMelicope denhamii, photograph 3did not loadMelicope denhamii, photograph 4did not loadMelicope denhamii, photograph 5did not loadMelicope denhamii, photograph 6did not load

Photographs: (c) Dominik Maximilián Ramík, some rights reserved (CC BY) (2); Anonyme973, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2); V C Balakrishnan, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons (2).

Similar habitat climate The 6 nearest by mean daily high, mean nightly low and rain, month by month. How.

Spathoglottis petri Spathoglottis petri Orchidaceae Photo: CC BY, Neal KelsoCanavalia sericea Canavalia sericea Silky jackbean Photo: CC BY, Debra BakerAgathis macrophylla Agathis macrophylla Fijian Kauri Pine Photo: CC BY, Neal KelsoBikkia tetrandra Bikkia tetrandra Rubiaceae Photo: CC BY, nick_goldwaterArthroclianthus sanguineus Arthroclianthus sanguineus Fabaceae Photo: CC BY-SA, Julia ROQUIGNY Davallia sessilifolia Davalliaceae

Other Melicope 10 in the reference

Melicope baueri Rutaceae Melicope elleryana Melicope elleryana Pink doughwood Photo: CC BY, Mark ClarkeMelicope × mantellii Melicope × mantellii Rutaceae Photo: CC BY, Lorraine CookMelicope micrococca Melicope micrococca Hairy-leaved doughwood Photo: CC BY, Todd HuangMelicope pteleifolia Melicope pteleifolia Thin-Evodia Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Melicope rubra Melicope rubra Mueller's evodia Photo: CC BY, Mark ClarkeMelicope semecarpifolia Melicope semecarpifolia Rutaceae Photo: CC BY, 黃美滿Melicope simplex Melicope simplex Poataniwha Photo: CC BY, Mel WhitingMelicope ternata Melicope ternata Wharangi Photo: CC BY, Tom BeardMelicope triphylla Melicope triphylla Rutaceae Photo: CC BY, 如此甚好

Names & registers

Also known as Aralia quercifolia; Dizygotheca quercifolia; Euodia albiflora; Euodia amboinensis; Euodia asteridula and 47 more. (GBIF Backbone)

Kew accepts as species of their own Melicope seemannii: older names in GBIF's record of this species that Kew's World Checklist accepts as other species. (WCVP, RBG Kew, file of 2026-06-04)

GBIFPOWOIPNIWFOWikidataWikipediaiNaturalist

The record

Family
Rutaceae
Described by
(Seem.) T.G.Hartley
Native to
Borneo, Maluku, Sulawesi +8
Wild records
232 in range · 232 open

Every figure here is derived from public data by a stated rule and names its source; nothing about this species is written for its page by a person or by AI, apart from the marked, credited quotations. How →

Where this page came from built 2026-10-22
GBIF species record gbif.species answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF synonyms gbif.synonyms answeredasked 2026-10-22
GBIF common names gbif.vernacular answeredasked 2026-10-22names fetched 2026-10-22
WCVP native range wcvp.distribution answeredas of 2026-06-04
GBIF occurrence records gbif.occurrences answeredas of 2026-10-21GBIF occurrence download https://doi.org/10.15468/dl.hbdw64, of 2026-10-21; 12 records within 1 km of a botanic garden, herbarium or zoo left out (12 at a botanic garden or arboretum; Wikidata's list)
Habitat climate climate answeredasked 2026-10-22
Daily extremes (NASA POWER) climate.extremes answeredasked 2026-10-22NASA POWER (MERRA-2) daily 1981–2024, cell -19.50_169.375, lapse-corrected +87 m at 6.5 °C/km; read, and set aside: NASA POWER's cell is mostly sea (20% land), so no cold floor is shown
Wikidata wikidata answeredasked 2026-10-22
Wikipedia wikipedia answeredasked 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, wild inat.photos.wild answeredasked 2026-10-22from iNaturalist's open data of 2026-09-27: research-grade observations with an open-licence photograph, the 24 whose photographs iNaturalist received last (the open data holds no votes); filled 2026-10-22
iNaturalist photographs, cultivated inat.photos.cultivated not asked
GBIF media gbif.media answeredasked 2026-10-22none of the photographs on this page is credited to GBIF: those shown are other sources', and GBIF's were the same photographs or were set aside by the photograph rules
Wikimedia Commons commons answeredasked 2026-10-22
OpenAlex papers openalex not askednot yet asked for this reference; a later fill takes the papers from OpenAlex's snapshot

Every source is recorded as having answered, reported nothing, refused, failed, not been asked, or answered twice where one answer is taken (“not taken: two items answered”), and, for a source asked when this page was built, when: the figures are as the source held them that day; a source read from a file (Kew's World Checklist, a GBIF download) says "as of" the file's day instead; a row carried from an earlier build of the page names that build instead. Only “nothing to report” is ever shown as an absence. Records came from 17 datasets via GBIF.org; each carries its own licence.

Cultifolio

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